Alqurashi Yousef D, Nakamura Takashi, Goverdovsky Valentin, Moss James, Polkey Michael I, Mandic Danilo P, Morrell Mary J
Sleep and Ventilation Unit, Royal Brompton Campus, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK,
Respiratory Care Department, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia,
Nat Sci Sleep. 2018 Nov 19;10:385-396. doi: 10.2147/NSS.S175998. eCollection 2018.
Detecting sleep latency during the Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT) using electroencephalogram (scalp-EEG) is time-consuming. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a novel in-ear sensor (in-ear EEG) to detect the sleep latency, compared to scalp-EEG, during MSLT in healthy adults, with and without sleep restriction.
We recruited 25 healthy adults (28.5±5.3 years) who participated in two MSLTs with simultaneous recording of scalp and in-ear EEG. Each test followed a randomly assigned sleep restriction (≤5 hours sleep) or usual night sleep (≥7 hours sleep). Reaction time and Stroop test were used to assess the functional impact of the sleep restriction. The EEGs were scored blind to the mode of measurement and study conditions, using American Academy of Sleep Medicine 2012 criteria. The Agreement between the scalp and in-ear EEG was assessed using Bland-Altman analysis.
Technically acceptable data were obtained from 23 adults during 69 out of 92 naps in the sleep restriction condition and 25 adults during 85 out of 100 naps in the usual night sleep. Meaningful sleep restrictions were confirmed by an increase in the reaction time (mean ± SD: 238±30 ms vs 228±27 ms; =0.045). In the sleep restriction condition, the in-ear EEG exhibited a sensitivity of 0.93 and specificity of 0.80 for detecting sleep latency, with a substantial agreement (κ0.71), whereas after the usual night's sleep, the in-ear EEG exhibited a sensitivity of 0.91 and specificity of 0.89, again with a substantial agreement (κ0.79).
The in-ear sensor was able to detect reduced sleep latency following sleep restriction, which was sufficient to impair both the reaction time and cognitive function. Substantial agreement was observed between the scalp and in-ear EEG when measuring sleep latency. This new in-ear EEG technology is shown to have a significant value as a convenient measure for sleep latency.
使用脑电图（头皮脑电图）在多次睡眠潜伏期试验（MSLT）期间检测睡眠潜伏期很耗时。本研究的目的是评估一种新型入耳式传感器（入耳脑电图）在健康成年人进行MSLT期间检测睡眠潜伏期的效果，比较其与头皮脑电图在有或无睡眠限制情况下的表现。
我们招募了25名健康成年人（28.5±5.3岁），他们参加了两次MSLT，同时记录头皮和入耳脑电图。每次测试遵循随机分配的睡眠限制（≤5小时睡眠）或正常夜间睡眠（≥7小时睡眠）。反应时间和斯特鲁普测试用于评估睡眠限制的功能影响。脑电图评分对测量方式和研究条件不知情，采用美国睡眠医学学会2012年标准。使用布兰德-奥特曼分析评估头皮和入耳脑电图之间的一致性。
在睡眠限制条件下，从23名成年人的92次小睡中的69次获得了技术上可接受的数据，在正常夜间睡眠中，从25名成年人的100次小睡中的85次获得了技术上可接受的数据。反应时间增加证实了有意义的睡眠限制（平均值±标准差：238±30毫秒对228±27毫秒；P=0.045）。在睡眠限制条件下，入耳脑电图检测睡眠潜伏期的敏感性为0.93，特异性为0.80，一致性较高（κ0.71），而在正常夜间睡眠后，入耳脑电图的敏感性为0.91，特异性为0.89，一致性同样较高（κ0.79）。
入耳式传感器能够检测到睡眠限制后睡眠潜伏期的缩短，这足以损害反应时间和认知功能。在测量睡眠潜伏期时，头皮和入耳脑电图之间观察到高度一致性。这种新的入耳脑电图技术作为一种方便的睡眠潜伏期测量方法具有重要价值。
