Ágoston Csilla, Király Orsolya, Demetrivics Zsolt
ELTE Eotvos Lorand Tudomanyegyetem Pszichologiai Doktori Iskola, Budapest, Hungary, E-mail:
Psychiatr Hung. 2018;33(4):316-330.
Our study is based on the concept that mental disorders - including psychotic symptoms - should be treated as dimensions/continuums rather than categories; an approach supported in the DSM-5 as well. Consequently, the measurement of certain symptoms of psychosis (e.g. hallucinations, persecutory ideation) may also be important in the normal population. We have performed the Hungarian adaptation of two questionnaires - the Persecutory Ideation Questionnaire and the Launay-Slade Hallucination Scale - in the current study and we also examined the relationship of the consumption of various caffeinated beverages, caffeine use disorder, the tendency to hallucinations and persecutory ideations.
2259 adults (70.5% male, mean age = 34 years [standard deviation = 9.3]) participated in our cross-sectional online survey, completing the Persecutory Ideation Questionnaire, the Launay-Slade Hallucination Scale, the Caffeine Use Disorder Questionnaire and questions about caffeine consumption habits.
The Persecutory Ideation Questionnaire had a one-factor structure and its internal consistency was excellent. In the exploratory factor analysis of the Launay-Slade Hallucination Scale two factors emerged ("Vivid mental events" and "Clinical hallucinations"), but other factor solutions cannot be completely excluded. The moderate correlation between the two questionnaires indicates an appropriate divergent validity. There were no correlations between psychotic symptoms and caffeine, coffee, tea and cola consumption. A slightly increased level of persecutory ideation in the daily energy drink consumers was observed compared to non-daily consumers. The magnitude of caffeine use disorder symptoms had a moderate positive correlation with psychotic symptoms.
Both the Persecutory Ideation Questionnaire and the Launay-Slade Hallucination Scale are appropriate tools for measuring psychotic experiences in the healthy adult population. Further research may aim to test the questionnaires in a clinical population.
我们的研究基于这样一个概念，即精神障碍——包括精神病性症状——应被视为维度/连续体而非类别；这一方法在《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第五版（DSM - 5）中也得到了支持。因此，对精神病某些症状（如幻觉、被害妄想）的测量在正常人群中可能也很重要。在本研究中，我们对两份问卷——《被害妄想问卷》和《劳内 - 斯莱德幻觉量表》进行了匈牙利语改编，并且我们还研究了各种含咖啡因饮料的消费量、咖啡因使用障碍、幻觉倾向和被害妄想之间的关系。
2259名成年人（70.5%为男性，平均年龄 = 34岁[标准差 = 9.3]）参与了我们的横断面在线调查，完成了《被害妄想问卷》、《劳内 - 斯莱德幻觉量表》、《咖啡因使用障碍问卷》以及关于咖啡因消费习惯的问题。
《被害妄想问卷》具有单因素结构，其内部一致性极佳。在对《劳内 - 斯莱德幻觉量表》的探索性因素分析中出现了两个因素（“生动的心理事件”和“临床幻觉”），但不能完全排除其他因素解决方案。两份问卷之间的中度相关性表明具有适当的区分效度。精神病性症状与咖啡因、咖啡、茶和可乐的消费量之间没有相关性。与非每日饮用能量饮料的消费者相比，观察到每日饮用能量饮料的消费者被害妄想水平略有升高。咖啡因使用障碍症状的严重程度与精神病性症状呈中度正相关。
《被害妄想问卷》和《劳内 - 斯莱德幻觉量表》都是测量健康成年人群精神病体验的合适工具。进一步的研究可以旨在在临床人群中测试这些问卷。
