Ágoston Csilla, Bernáth László, Rogers Peter J, Demetrovics Zsolt
Institute of People-Environment Transaction, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
Hum Psychopharmacol. 2022 May;37(3):e2828. doi: 10.1002/hup.2828. Epub 2021 Nov 18.
Psychosis-like perceptual distortions can occur in the general population, and both stress and caffeine can enhance the proneness to psychosis-like experiences, such as hallucinations. The current study aims to explore the effects of acute caffeine intake and acute stress on perceptual distortions in a double-blind, placebo-controlled experiment.
Regular caffeine consumers (n = 92) and non/low consumers (n = 89) were assigned to 100 mg caffeine/placebo and stress/no stress conditions. The White Christmas Paradigm (WCP) was used to measure hallucination-like symptoms, and bias towards threat-related words was used as an indicator of persecutory ideation. Participants reported their daily caffeine intake, and completed the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Launay-Slade Hallucination Scale, the Persecutory Ideation Questionnaire and the Marlow-Crowne Social Desirability Scale.
Acute stress slightly increased hallucination-like experiences, but not recall bias, while the small amount of caffeine had a time-dependent effect on recall bias. Proneness to persecutory ideation was positively and social desirability was negatively correlated with recall bias towards threat-related words, while proneness to hallucinations positively correlated with hallucination-like experiences.
Our results indicate that psychosocial stress-in line with the diathesis-stress model-can lead to the enhancement of hallucination-like experiences.
精神病性样知觉扭曲可在普通人群中出现，压力和咖啡因均可增强产生幻觉等精神病性样体验的倾向。本研究旨在通过一项双盲、安慰剂对照实验，探究急性摄入咖啡因和急性应激对知觉扭曲的影响。
将经常摄入咖啡因者（n = 92）和不摄入/少量摄入咖啡因者（n = 89）分配至100毫克咖啡因/安慰剂组以及应激/无应激组。采用白色圣诞节范式（WCP）测量类幻觉症状，并将对威胁相关词汇的偏向作为被害妄想观念的指标。参与者报告其每日咖啡因摄入量，并完成状态-特质焦虑量表、劳内-斯莱德幻觉量表、被害妄想观念问卷和马洛-克劳恩社会赞许性量表。
急性应激略微增加了类幻觉体验，但未增加回忆偏向，而少量咖啡因对回忆偏向具有时间依赖性影响。被害妄想观念倾向与对威胁相关词汇的回忆偏向呈正相关，社会赞许性与回忆偏向呈负相关，幻觉倾向与类幻觉体验呈正相关。
我们的结果表明，社会心理压力——与素质-应激模型一致——可导致类幻觉体验增强。
