Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida.
Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Dev Neurobiol. 2019 May;79(5):396-405. doi: 10.1002/dneu.22659. Epub 2018 Dec 14.
Radial glial cells are crucial in vertebrate neural development and regeneration. It has been recently proposed that this neurogenic cell type might be older than the chordate lineage itself and might have been present in the last common deuterostome ancestor. Here, we summarize the results of recent studies on radial glia in echinoderms, a highly regenerative phylum of marine invertebrates with shared ancestry to chordates. We discuss the involvement of these cells in both homeostatic neurogenesis and post-traumatic neural regeneration, compare the features of radial glia in echinoderms and chordates to each other, and review the molecular mechanisms that control differentiation and plasticity of the echinoderm radial glia. Overall, studies on echinoderm radial glia provide a unique opportunity to understand the fundamental biology of this cell type from evolutionary and comparative perspectives.
放射状胶质细胞在脊椎动物神经发育和再生中起着至关重要的作用。最近有人提出，这种神经发生细胞类型可能比脊索动物本身还要古老，并且可能存在于最后一个后生动物的共同祖先中。在这里，我们总结了最近关于棘皮动物放射状胶质细胞的研究结果，棘皮动物是一类具有与脊索动物共同祖先的高度再生海洋无脊椎动物。我们讨论了这些细胞在维持性神经发生和创伤后神经再生中的作用，比较了棘皮动物和脊索动物放射状胶质细胞的特征，并回顾了控制棘皮动物放射状胶质细胞分化和可塑性的分子机制。总的来说，棘皮动物放射状胶质细胞的研究为从进化和比较的角度理解这种细胞类型的基本生物学提供了一个独特的机会。
