Yale Stress Center, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, 2 Church Street South, Suite 209, New Haven, CT 06519, United States.
Brain Cogn. 2019 Jul;133:94-105. doi: 10.1016/j.bandc.2018.11.009. Epub 2018 Dec 12.
Stress can strongly influence what we learn and remember, including by making memories stronger. Experiments probing stress effects on hippocampus-dependent memory in rodents have revealed modulatory factors and physiological mechanisms by which acute stress can enhance long-term memory. However, extending these findings and mechanisms to understand when stress will enhance declarative memory in humans faces important challenges. This review synthesizes human and rodent studies of stress and memory, examining translational gaps related to measurements of declarative memory and stress responses in humans. Human studies diverge from rodent research by assessing declarative memories that may not depend on the hippocampus and by measuring peripheral rather than central stress responses. This highlights opportunities for future research across species, including assessing stress effects on hippocampal-dependent memory processes in humans and relating peripheral stress responses to stress effects on the function of memory-related brain regions in rodents. Together, these investigations will facilitate the translation of stress effects on memory function from rodents to humans and inform interventions that can harness the positive effects of stress on long-term memory.
压力会强烈影响我们的学习和记忆，包括增强记忆。在啮齿动物中探究压力对海马体依赖型记忆影响的实验揭示了调节因素和生理机制，说明急性压力如何增强长期记忆。然而，将这些发现和机制扩展到理解人类何时会增强陈述性记忆，面临着重要的挑战。这篇综述综合了人类和啮齿动物的压力和记忆研究，考察了与人类陈述性记忆和压力反应测量相关的转化差距。人类研究与啮齿动物研究不同，因为人类研究评估的陈述性记忆可能不依赖于海马体，并且测量的是外周而不是中枢压力反应。这突出了跨物种未来研究的机会，包括评估压力对人类海马体依赖型记忆过程的影响，以及将外周压力反应与压力对啮齿动物与记忆相关的大脑区域功能的影响联系起来。这些研究将有助于将压力对记忆功能的影响从啮齿动物转化到人类，并为利用压力对长期记忆的积极影响提供干预措施。
