Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, Université de Bordeaux, UMR CNRS 5255, 351 Cours de la Libération, Talence 33405, France; Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, UMR CNRS 5629, 16 Avenue Pey-Berland, Pessac 33607, France.
Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, Université de Bordeaux, UMR CNRS 5255, 351 Cours de la Libération, Talence 33405, France.
Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2019 Jan 1;138:148-166. doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.12.010. Epub 2018 Dec 13.
The use of nanotechnology to improve treatment efficacy and reduce side effects is central to nanomedicine. In this context, stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems (DDS) such as chemical/physical gels or nanoparticles such as polymersomes, micelles or nanogels are particularly promising and are the focus of this review. Several stimuli have been considered but light as an exogenous trigger presents many advantages that are pertinent for clinical applications such as high spatial and temporal control and low cost. Underlying mechanisms required for the release of therapeutic agents in vitro and in vivo range from the molecular scale, namely photoisomerization, hydrophobicity photoswitching, photocleavage or heat generation via nanoheaters, through to the macromolecular scale. As well as these approaches, DDS destabilization, DDS permeation pore unblocking and formation are discussed.
纳米技术在提高治疗效果和降低副作用方面的应用是纳米医学的核心。在这方面，刺激响应性药物递送系统（DDS），如化学/物理凝胶或聚合物囊泡、胶束或纳米凝胶等纳米颗粒，具有很大的应用前景，是本综述的重点。已经考虑了几种刺激物，但作为外源性触发物的光具有许多优点，适用于临床应用，如高时空控制和低成本。体外和体内释放治疗剂所需的潜在机制从分子尺度开始，即光致异构化、疏水性光开关、光裂解或通过纳米加热器产生热量，一直到高分子尺度。除了这些方法外，还讨论了 DDS 的不稳定性、DDS 渗透孔的阻塞和形成。
