Clerc Michèle, Sandlass Sara, Rifaie-Graham Omar, Peterson Julie A, Bruns Nico, Read de Alaniz Javier, Boesel Luciano F
Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Biomimetic Membranes and Textiles, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland.
University of Fribourg, Department of Chemistry, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
Chem Soc Rev. 2023 Nov 27;52(23):8245-8294. doi: 10.1039/d3cs00508a.
Donor-acceptor Stenhouse adduct (DASA) photoswitches have gained a lot of attention since their discovery in 2014. Their negative photochromism, visible light absorbance, synthetic tunability, and the large property changes between their photoisomers make them attractive candidates over other commonly used photoswitches for use in materials with responsive or adaptive properties. The development of such materials and their translation into advanced technologies continues to widely impact forefront materials research, and DASAs have thus attracted considerable interest in the field of visible-light responsive molecular switches and dynamic materials. Despite this interest, there have been challenges in understanding their complex behavior in the context of both small molecule studies and materials. Moreover, incorporation of DASAs into polymers can be challenging due to their incompatibility with the conditions for most common polymerization techniques. In this review, therefore, we examine and critically discuss the recent developments and challenges in the field of DASA-containing polymers, aiming at providing a better understanding of the interplay between the properties of both constituents (matrix and photoswitch). The first part summarizes current understanding of DASA design and switching properties. The second section discusses strategies of incorporation of DASAs into polymers, properties of DASA-containing materials, and methods for studying switching of DASAs in materials. We also discuss emerging applications for DASA photoswitches in polymeric materials, ranging from light-responsive drug delivery systems, to photothermal actuators, sensors and photoswitchable surfaces. Last, we summarize the current challenges in the field and venture on the steps required to explore novel systems and expand both the functional properties and the application opportunities of DASA-containing polymers.
给体-受体型斯滕豪斯加合物（DASA）光开关自2014年被发现以来备受关注。它们的负光致变色、可见光吸收性、合成可调性以及光异构体之间的巨大性质变化，使其相较于其他常用光开关，成为用于具有响应性或适应性性质材料的有吸引力的候选者。这类材料的开发及其向先进技术的转化持续广泛影响前沿材料研究，因此DASA在可见光响应分子开关和动态材料领域引起了相当大的兴趣。尽管有这种兴趣，但在小分子研究和材料背景下理解其复杂行为仍存在挑战。此外，由于DASA与大多数常见聚合技术的条件不相容，将其掺入聚合物中可能具有挑战性。因此，在本综述中，我们审视并批判性地讨论了含DASA聚合物领域的最新进展和挑战，旨在更好地理解两种成分（基质和光开关）性质之间的相互作用。第一部分总结了目前对DASA设计和开关性质的理解。第二部分讨论了将DASA掺入聚合物的策略、含DASA材料的性质以及研究材料中DASA开关的方法。我们还讨论了DASA光开关在聚合物材料中的新兴应用，从光响应药物递送系统到光热致动器、传感器和光开关表面。最后，我们总结了该领域目前的挑战，并探讨了探索新型系统以及扩展含DASA聚合物的功能性质和应用机会所需的步骤。
