Kwit Natalie A, Schwartz Amy, Kugeler Kiersten J, Mead Paul S, Nelson Christina A
Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado.
Zoonoses Public Health. 2019 Jun;66(4):417-421. doi: 10.1111/zph.12552. Epub 2018 Dec 16.
Dogs have been implicated in the zoonotic transmission of numerous pathogens. Whereas cats are known to transmit Francisella tularensis to humans via bite and other routes, the role of dogs in facilitating infection is much less understood. We reviewed tularaemia case investigation records collected through national surveillance during 2006-2016 to summarize those with dog involvement, characterize the nature of dog-related exposure and describe associated clinical characteristics. Among 1,814 human tularaemia cases, 735 (41%) supplemental case investigation records were available for review; and of those, 24 (3.3%) were classified as dog-related. Median age of patients was 51 years (range: 1-82); 54% were female. Two thirds (67%) of cases presented with ulceroglandular/glandular tularaemia; pneumonic (13%) and oropharyngeal (13%) illness occurred less frequently. Dog-related exposures were classified as follows: direct contact via bite, scratch or face snuggling/licking (n = 12; 50%); direct contact with dead animals retrieved by domestic dogs (n = 8; 33%); and contact with infected ticks acquired from domestic dogs (n = 4; 17%). Prevention of dog-related tularaemia necessitates enhanced tularaemia awareness and tick avoidance among pet owners, veterinarians, health care providers and the general public.
狗已被证明与多种病原体的人畜共患病传播有关。虽然已知猫会通过咬伤和其他途径将土拉弗朗西斯菌传播给人类，但狗在促进感染方面所起的作用却鲜为人知。我们回顾了2006年至2016年期间通过国家监测收集的兔热病病例调查记录，以总结那些与狗有关的病例，描述与狗相关的暴露性质，并描述相关的临床特征。在1814例人类兔热病病例中，有735例（41%）补充病例调查记录可供审查；其中，24例（3.3%）被归类为与狗有关。患者的中位年龄为51岁（范围：1至82岁）；54%为女性。三分之二（67%）的病例表现为溃疡腺型/腺型兔热病；肺炎型（13%）和口咽型（13%）疾病的发生率较低。与狗相关的暴露分类如下：通过咬伤、抓伤或面部依偎/舔舐直接接触（n = 12；50%）；直接接触家犬找回的死动物（n = 8；33%）；以及接触从家犬身上获取的受感染蜱虫（n = 4；17%）。预防与狗相关的兔热病需要提高宠物主人、兽医、医护人员和公众对兔热病的认识并避免接触蜱虫。
