Ncube France, Kanda Artwell
Department of Environmental Science, Bindura University of Science Education, Private Bag 1020, Bindura, Zimbabwe.
Saf Health Work. 2018 Dec;9(4):365-371. doi: 10.1016/j.shaw.2018.01.007. Epub 2018 Feb 21.
This article addresses three key issues. First, the commonalities, differences, strengths, and limitations of existing occupational safety and health (OSH) legislation of low- and middle-income countries were determined. Second, required revisions were identified and discussed to strengthen the laws in accordance with the best international practice. Finally, proposals for additional OSH laws and interventions were suggested. A literature search of OSH laws of 10 selected low- and middle-income countries was carried out. The laws were subjected to uniform review criteria. Although the agricultural sector employs more than 70% of the population, most of the reviewed countries lack OSH legislation on the sector. Existing OSH laws are gender insensitive, fragmented among various government departments, insufficient, outdated, and nondeterrent to perpetrators and lack incentives for compliance. Conclusively, the legal frameworks require reformation and harmonization for the collective benefit to employees, employers, and regulatory authorities. New OSH legislation for the agricultural sector is required.
本文探讨了三个关键问题。首先，确定了低收入和中等收入国家现有职业安全与健康（OSH）立法的共性、差异、优势和局限性。其次，根据最佳国际惯例确定并讨论了加强法律所需的修订内容。最后，提出了关于额外的职业安全与健康法律及干预措施的建议。对10个选定的低收入和中等收入国家的职业安全与健康法律进行了文献检索。这些法律遵循统一的审查标准。尽管农业部门雇佣了超过70%的人口，但大多数接受审查的国家缺乏针对该部门的职业安全与健康立法。现有的职业安全与健康法律对性别不敏感，分散在各个政府部门之间，不够充分、过时，对违法者没有威慑力，也缺乏合规激励措施。总之，法律框架需要改革与协调，以实现对员工、雇主和监管机构的共同利益。需要为农业部门制定新的职业安全与健康立法。
