Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway.
Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital; 0586 Oslo, Norway.
Nutrients. 2018 Dec 20;11(1):10. doi: 10.3390/nu11010010.
Plasma sulphur-containing amino acids and related metabolites are associated with insulin sensitivity, although the mechanisms are unclear. We examined the effect of exercise on this relationship. Dysglycemic ( = 13) and normoglycemic ( = 13) men underwent 45 min cycling before and after 12 weeks exercise intervention. We performed hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp, mRNA-sequencing of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue biopsies, and targeted profiling of plasma metabolites by LC-MS/MS. Insulin sensitivity increased similarly in dysglycemic and normoglycemic men after 12 weeks of exercise, in parallel to similar increases in concentration of plasma glutamine, and decreased concentrations of plasma glutamate, cysteine, taurine, and glutathione. Change in plasma concentrations of cysteine and glutathione exhibited the strongest correlations to exercise-improved insulin sensitivity, and expression of a cluster of genes essential for oxidative phosphorylation and fatty acid metabolism in both skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, as well as mitochondria-related genes such as . Forty-five min of cycling decreased plasma concentrations of glutamine and methionine, and increased plasma concentrations of glutamate, homocysteine, cystathionine, cysteine, glutathione, and taurine. Similar acute responses were seen in both groups before and after the 12 weeks training period. Both acute and long-term exercise may influence transsulphuration and glutathione biosynthesis, linking exercise-improved insulin sensitivity to oxidative stress and mitochondrial function.
血浆含硫氨基酸及相关代谢物与胰岛素敏感性相关，但具体机制尚不清楚。我们研究了运动对这种关系的影响。在 12 周运动干预前后，分别对 13 名血糖异常和 13 名血糖正常的男性进行了 45 分钟的骑行。我们进行了高胰岛素正常血糖钳夹、骨骼肌和脂肪组织活检的 mRNA 测序以及通过 LC-MS/MS 对血浆代谢物进行靶向分析。12 周运动后，血糖异常和血糖正常的男性胰岛素敏感性均有类似的提高，与血浆谷氨酰胺浓度的类似增加以及血浆谷氨酸、半胱氨酸、牛磺酸和谷胱甘肽浓度的降低平行。血浆半胱氨酸和谷胱甘肽浓度的变化与运动改善胰岛素敏感性的相关性最强，并且在骨骼肌和脂肪组织中与氧化磷酸化和脂肪酸代谢以及与线粒体相关的基因如相关的一簇基因的表达也平行增加。45 分钟的骑行降低了血浆谷氨酰胺和蛋氨酸的浓度，增加了血浆谷氨酸、同型半胱氨酸、胱硫醚、半胱氨酸、谷胱甘肽和牛磺酸的浓度。在 12 周训练期前后，两组均出现了类似的急性反应。急性和长期运动都可能影响转硫作用和谷胱甘肽生物合成，将运动改善胰岛素敏感性与氧化应激和线粒体功能联系起来。
