Pękala-Safińska Agnieszka
Department of Fish Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland.
J Vet Res. 2018 Dec 10;62(3):261-267. doi: 10.2478/jvetres-2018-0037. eCollection 2018 Sep.
Changes occurring in freshwater ecosystems seem to be fundamental in the development of all microorganisms, including those pathogenic to fish. This has been especially evident in recent years during which dynamic variations in bacterial fish pathology have been observed. Gram-negative bacteria commonly known to be pathogenic to fish, like spp., spp., spp., and are replaced by other species, which until now have not been known to be virulent or even conditionally pathogenic to fish. Nowadays, among these other species spp., , , and are the most frequently isolated from fish exhibiting clinical signs of disease. Two Gram-positive bacteria have become pathogens of particular importance in fish pathology in Poland: and . In addition, infections caused by the Gram-positive bacterium have appeared in recent years. This bacterium has not been known until now to be pathogenic to fish. Therefore, this infection could be called an emergent disease.
淡水生态系统中发生的变化似乎是所有微生物发育的基础，包括那些对鱼类致病的微生物。近年来，这一点尤为明显，在此期间观察到了鱼类细菌病理学的动态变化。通常已知对鱼类致病的革兰氏阴性菌，如 spp.、 spp.、 spp. 和 ，正被其他物种所取代，而这些物种迄今为止尚未被认为对鱼类具有毒性甚至条件致病性。如今，在这些其他物种中， spp.、 、 和 是最常从表现出疾病临床症状的鱼类中分离出来的。两种革兰氏阳性菌已成为波兰鱼类病理学中特别重要的病原体： 和 。此外，近年来出现了由革兰氏阳性菌 引起的感染。这种细菌迄今为止尚未被认为对鱼类致病。因此，这种感染可被称为一种新出现的疾病。
