Intirach Jitrawadee, Junkum Anuluck, Lumjuan Nongkran, Chaithong Udom, Somboon Pradya, Jitpakdi Atchariya, Riyong Doungrat, Champakaew Danita, Muangmoon Roongtawan, Chansang Arpaporn, Pitasawat Benjawan
Center of Insect Vector Study, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
Graduate PhD's Degree Program in Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
Insects. 2018 Dec 24;10(1):1. doi: 10.3390/insects10010001.
In ongoing screening research for edible plants, essential oil was considered as a potential bioinsecticide with proven antimosquito activity against both the pyrethroid susceptible and resistant strains of . Due to the comparative mosquitocidal efficacy on these mosquitoes, this plant essential oil is promoted as an attractive candidate for further study in monitoring resistance of mosquito vectors. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of essential oil on the biochemical characteristics of the target mosquito larvae of , by determining quantitative changes of key enzymes responsible for xenobiotic detoxification, including glutathione--transferases (GSTs), - and -esterases (-/-ESTs), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), acid and alkaline phosphatases (ACP and ALP) and mixed-function oxidases (MFO). Three populations of , comprising the pyrethroid susceptible Muang Chiang Mai-susceptible (MCM-S) strain and the pyrethroid resistant Pang Mai Dang-resistant (PMD-R) and Upakut-resistant (UPK-R) strains, were used as test organisms. Biochemical study of larvae prior to treatment with essential oil revealed that apart from AChE, the baseline activity of most defensive enzymes, such as GSTs, -/-ESTs, ACP, ALP and MFO, in resistant UPK-R or PMD-R, was higher than that determined in susceptible MCM-S. However, after 24-h exposure to essential oil, the pyrethroid susceptible and resistant showed similarity in biochemical features, with alterations of enzyme activity in the treated larvae, as compared to the controls. An increase in the activity levels of GSTs, -/-ESTs, ACP and ALP was recorded in all strains of oil-treated larvae, whereas MFO and AChE activity in these mosquitoes was decreased. The recognizable larvicidal capability on pyrethroid resistant . , and the inhibitory effect on AChE and MFO, emphasized the potential of essential oil as an attractive alternative application for management of mosquito resistance in current and future control programs.
在对可食用植物的持续筛选研究中，精油被视为一种潜在的生物杀虫剂，已证实其对拟除虫菊酯敏感和抗性品系的蚊子均具有抗蚊活性。由于对这些蚊子具有相对的杀蚊效果，这种植物精油被推荐作为进一步研究蚊媒抗性监测的有吸引力的候选物。因此，本研究的目的是通过测定负责异生物质解毒的关键酶的定量变化，包括谷胱甘肽 - S - 转移酶（GSTs）、α - 和β - 酯酶（α/β - ESTs）、乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）、酸性和碱性磷酸酶（ACP和ALP）以及混合功能氧化酶（MFO），来评估精油对目标蚊虫幼虫生化特性的影响。使用三个种群的蚊虫，包括拟除虫菊酯敏感的清迈府 - 敏感（MCM - S）品系以及拟除虫菊酯抗性的邦迈当 - 抗性（PMD - R）和乌帕库特 - 抗性（UPK - R）品系作为测试生物。在用精油处理之前对蚊虫幼虫进行的生化研究表明，除了AChE外，抗性的UPK - R或PMD - R中大多数防御酶（如GSTs、α/β - ESTs、ACP、ALP和MFO）的基线活性高于在敏感的MCM - S中测定的活性。然而，在接触精油24小时后，拟除虫菊酯敏感和抗性的蚊虫在生化特征上表现出相似性，与对照相比，处理后的幼虫酶活性发生了改变。在所有用精油处理的蚊虫幼虫品系中，均记录到GSTs、α/β - ESTs、ACP和ALP活性水平升高，而这些蚊虫中的MFO和AChE活性降低。对拟除虫菊酯抗性蚊虫具有明显的杀幼虫能力，以及对AChE和MFO的抑制作用，强调了精油作为当前和未来控制计划中管理蚊虫抗性的有吸引力的替代应用的潜力。
