Stosik Michał P, Tokarz-Deptuła Beata, Deptuła Wiesław
Department of Microbiology and Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Gora, Poland.
Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland.
Cent Eur J Immunol. 2018;43(3):335-340. doi: 10.5114/ceji.2018.80054. Epub 2018 Oct 30.
The fish immune system is extremely complex and has considerable adaptive potential. In Osteichthyes, the system is formed by lymphopoietic organs which are important for the differentiation and maturation of the immune system cells. These organs include the anterior kidney (phronephros), the thymus, the spleen, the posterior kidney (mesonephros), and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues (MALT). Apart from the lymphocytic organs and the MALT system, the immune system components include defensive cells and their products. Those identified in fish include, inter alia, monocytes/macrophages, melanomacrophages, neutrophilic granulocytes, thrombocytes, B cells, plasma cells, and T cells. The roles of the individual components of the organisation of the immune system, the organs, and lymphoid tissue as well as the constituents conditioning the innate and adaptive immunity mechanisms are considered equally important, especially in the context of functional interdependence. The progress in the exploration of the processes of specific humoral immunity in Osteichthyes and the possibilities of their practical application is increasingly promising in view of the expected need for protection of fish against diseases. The paper discusses selected issues concerning recent knowledge about haematopoiesis of B cells, plasmablasts, plasma cells, and immunoglobulins (IgM, IgD, IgT/IgZ).
鱼类免疫系统极其复杂，具有相当大的适应潜力。在硬骨鱼中，该系统由对免疫系统细胞的分化和成熟至关重要的淋巴造血器官组成。这些器官包括前肾（头肾）、胸腺、脾脏、后肾（中肾）和黏膜相关淋巴组织（MALT）。除了淋巴细胞器官和MALT系统外，免疫系统的组成部分还包括防御细胞及其产物。在鱼类中鉴定出的防御细胞尤其包括单核细胞/巨噬细胞、黑素巨噬细胞、嗜中性粒细胞、血小板、B细胞、浆细胞和T细胞。免疫系统组织、器官和淋巴组织的各个组成部分以及调节先天性和适应性免疫机制的成分的作用被认为同样重要，特别是在功能相互依存的背景下。鉴于预期需要保护鱼类免受疾病侵害，硬骨鱼特异性体液免疫过程探索的进展及其实际应用的可能性越来越令人期待。本文讨论了有关B细胞、成浆细胞、浆细胞和免疫球蛋白（IgM、IgD、IgT/IgZ）造血的最新知识的选定问题。
