Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 2nd Ave South, BBRB373/Box 3, 35294-2170, Birmingham, AL, USA.
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2022;435:1-31. doi: 10.1007/82_2018_146.
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) was discovered more than six decades ago, but has remained poorly investigated. However, after a recent outbreak of CHIK fever in both hemispheres and viral adaptation to new species of mosquitoes, it has attracted a lot of attention. The currently available experimental data suggest that molecular mechanisms of CHIKV replication in vertebrate and mosquito cells are similar to those of other New and Old World alphaviruses. However, this virus exhibits a number of unique characteristics that distinguish it from the other, better studied members of the alphavirus genus. This review is an attempt to summarize the data accumulated thus far regarding the molecular mechanisms of alphavirus RNA replication and interaction with host cells. Emphasis was placed on demonstrating the distinct features of CHIKV in utilizing host factors to build replication complexes and modify the intracellular environment for efficient viral replication and inhibition of the innate immune response. The available data suggest that our knowledge about alphavirus replication contains numerous gaps that potentially hamper the development of new therapeutic means against CHIKV and other pathogenic alphaviruses.
基孔肯雅病毒（CHIKV）在六十年前被发现，但一直研究不足。然而，最近在两个半球爆发了基孔肯雅热，病毒也适应了新的蚊子物种，因此引起了广泛关注。目前的实验数据表明，CHIKV 在脊椎动物和蚊子细胞中的复制的分子机制与其他新、旧世界的甲病毒相似。然而，该病毒表现出许多独特的特征，使其与其他研究更为深入的甲病毒属成员区分开来。本文综述试图总结迄今为止积累的有关甲病毒 RNA 复制和与宿主细胞相互作用的分子机制的相关数据。重点在于展示 CHIKV 在利用宿主因子构建复制复合物和修饰细胞内环境以实现高效病毒复制和抑制固有免疫反应方面的独特特征。现有数据表明，我们对甲病毒复制的认识存在许多空白，这可能会阻碍针对 CHIKV 和其他致病性甲病毒的新治疗方法的开发。
