Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0448, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0448, USA.
Adv Mater. 2019 Mar;31(10):e1806133. doi: 10.1002/adma.201806133. Epub 2019 Jan 2.
The conductive polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), and especially its complex with poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), is perhaps the most well-known example of an organic conductor. It is highly conductive, largely transmissive to light, processible in water, and highly flexible. Much recent work on this ubiquitous material has been devoted to increasing its deformability beyond flexibility-a characteristic possessed by any material that is sufficiently thin-toward stretchability, a characteristic that requires engineering of the structure at the molecular- or nanoscale. Stretchability is the enabling characteristic of a range of applications envisioned for PEDOT in energy and healthcare, such as wearable, implantable, and large-area electronic devices. High degrees of mechanical deformability allow intimate contact with biological tissues and solution-processable printing techniques (e.g., roll-to-roll printing). PEDOT:PSS, however, is only stretchable up to around 10%. Here, the strategies that have been reported to enhance the stretchability of conductive polymers and composites based on PEDOT and PEDOT:PSS are highlighted. These strategies include blending with plasticizers or polymers, deposition on elastomers, formation of fibers and gels, and the use of intrinsically stretchable scaffolds for the polymerization of PEDOT.
导电聚合物聚（3,4-亚乙基二氧噻吩）（PEDOT），尤其是其与聚苯乙烯磺酸盐的复合物（PEDOT:PSS），也许是最著名的有机导体例子。它具有高度的导电性，对光的传输率很高，可在水中加工，并且具有高度的柔韧性。最近对这种无处不在的材料进行了大量研究，致力于将其可变形性从柔韧性扩展到可拉伸性，这一特性需要在分子或纳米尺度上对结构进行工程设计。可拉伸性是 PEDOT 在能源和医疗保健领域中各种应用的关键特性，例如可穿戴、可植入和大面积电子设备。高度的机械可变形性允许与生物组织进行紧密接触，并采用溶液加工的印刷技术（例如，卷对卷印刷）。然而，PEDOT:PSS 的可拉伸性仅达到约 10%。在这里，突出了提高基于 PEDOT 和 PEDOT:PSS 的导电聚合物和复合材料的可拉伸性的策略。这些策略包括与增塑剂或聚合物共混、在弹性体上沉积、形成纤维和凝胶，以及使用本征可拉伸支架进行 PEDOT 的聚合。
