Sharalaya Zarina, Phelan Dermot
Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sports Cardiology Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH.
Sports Med Arthrosc Rev. 2019 Mar;27(1):e1-e7. doi: 10.1097/JSA.0000000000000215.
Habitual moderate intensity exercise is a vital component of a healthy lifestyle. For most of the population, increasing exercise duration and intensity beyond current recommendations appears to impart additional cardiovascular benefits; however, recent data has raised the possibility of an inflection point after which additional exercise no longer imparts benefit and may even result in negative cardiovascular outcomes. Exercise at the extremes of human endurance places a large hemodynamic stress on the heart and results in occasionally profound cardiac remodeling in order to accommodate the huge increases in cardiac output demanded by such endeavors. These changes have the potential to become maladaptive and heighten the risk of various arrhythmias, influence the rate of coronary atherosclerosis, and alter the risk of sudden cardiac death. Herein, we will discuss the potential negative impact of extreme exercise on cardiovascular risk.
习惯性中等强度运动是健康生活方式的重要组成部分。对于大多数人来说，将运动时长和强度增加到超出当前建议水平似乎能带来额外的心血管益处；然而，最近的数据表明可能存在一个拐点，超过这个点后，额外的运动不再带来益处，甚至可能导致负面的心血管结果。在人类耐力极限下进行运动，会给心脏带来巨大的血流动力学压力，偶尔会导致显著的心脏重塑，以适应此类运动所要求的心脏输出量的大幅增加。这些变化有可能变得适应不良，增加各种心律失常的风险，影响冠状动脉粥样硬化的发生率，并改变心源性猝死的风险。在此，我们将讨论极限运动对心血管风险的潜在负面影响。
