State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China.
Chem Soc Rev. 2019 Jan 21;48(2):428-446. doi: 10.1039/c7cs00807d.
Bacterial-infections are mostly due to bacteria in an adhering, biofilm-mode of growth and not due to planktonically growing, suspended-bacteria. Biofilm-bacteria are much more recalcitrant to conventional antimicrobials than planktonic-bacteria due to (1) emergence of new properties of biofilm-bacteria that cannot be predicted on the basis of planktonic properties, (2) low penetration and accumulation of antimicrobials in a biofilm, (3) disabling of antimicrobials due to acidic and anaerobic conditions prevailing in a biofilm, and (4) enzymatic modification or inactivation of antimicrobials by biofilm inhabitants. In recent years, new nanotechnology-based antimicrobials have been designed to kill planktonic, antibiotic-resistant bacteria, but additional requirements rather than the mere killing of suspended bacteria must be met to combat biofilm-infections. The requirements and merits of nanotechnology-based antimicrobials for the control of biofilm-infection form the focus of this Tutorial Review.
细菌感染主要是由于黏附生长的生物膜模式中的细菌引起的，而不是由于浮游生长的悬浮细菌引起的。与浮游细菌相比，生物膜细菌对抗生素的抵抗力更强，这是由于以下原因：（1）生物膜细菌出现了新的特性，这些特性不能根据浮游特性来预测；（2）抗生素在生物膜中的穿透和积累能力较低；（3）生物膜中普遍存在的酸性和厌氧条件会使抗生素失活；（4）生物膜中的居民会通过酶促修饰或失活抗生素。近年来，已经设计出了基于纳米技术的新型抗生素来杀死浮游、耐药细菌，但要对抗生物膜感染，还必须满足除了杀死悬浮细菌之外的其他要求。本综述教程重点介绍了基于纳米技术的抗生素控制生物膜感染的要求和优点。
