[墨西哥巴希奥地区学童哮喘、过敏性鼻炎和特应性皮炎的患病率]

[Prevalence of asthma, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis in school children of the Mexican Bajío region].

作者信息

Ramírez-Soto Martín, Bedolla-Barajas Martín, González-Mendoza Tania

机构信息

Universidad Quetzalcóatl en Irapuato, Guanajuato, México.

出版信息

Rev Alerg Mex. 2018 Oct-Dec;65(4):372-378. doi: 10.29262/ram.v65i4.527.

DOI:10.29262/ram.v65i4.527

PMID:30602207

Abstract

BACKGROUND

The prevalence of allergic diseases markedly varies according to the geographical region.

OBJECTIVE

To determine the prevalence of asthma, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis in children of six and seven years of age.

METHODS

Cross-sectional study that included a sample of almost 15 thousand children in five cities of Mexico. To obtain the prevalence of allergic diseases and their symptoms, the parents of the children answered The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaire. 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated for proportions.

RESULTS

Of the total sample, 7466 (52.5 %) were boys and 7463 (47.5%) girls. In general, the prevalence of asthma, exercise-induced asthma and current asthma was 6.1 % (95% CI = 5.7%-6.5%), 2.1 % (95% CI = 1.9%-2.3%) and 11.6 % (95% CI = 11.1% -12.1%), respectively. On the other hand, the prevalence of allergic rhinitis was 5.4 % (95% CI = 5.1%-5.8%), rhinitis with conjunctivitis, 19.2 % (95% CI = 18.6%-19.8%), and current rhinitis, 52.8% (95% CI = 52.0%-53.6%). The prevalence of atopic dermatitis and current dermatitis was 3.4 % (95% CI = 3.1%-3.7%) and 7.8% (95 % CI = 7.4%-8.2%), respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

Our results indicate that the prevalence of allergic diseases in school children is similar to that observed in previous studies in Mexico.

摘要

背景

过敏性疾病的患病率因地理区域而异。

目的

确定6至7岁儿童哮喘、过敏性鼻炎和特应性皮炎的患病率。

方法

横断面研究，纳入了墨西哥五个城市近15000名儿童的样本。为了获得过敏性疾病及其症状的患病率，儿童家长回答了儿童哮喘和过敏国际研究问卷。对比例估计95%置信区间（CI）。

结果

在总样本中，7466名（52.5%）为男孩，7463名（47.5%）为女孩。总体而言，哮喘、运动性哮喘和现患哮喘的患病率分别为6.1%（95%CI=5.7%-6.5%）、2.1%（95%CI=1.9%-2.3%）和11.6%（95%CI=11.1%-12.1%）。另一方面，过敏性鼻炎的患病率为5.4%（95%CI=5.1%-5.8%），伴结膜炎的鼻炎为19.2%（95%CI=18.6%-19.8%），现患鼻炎为52.8%（95%CI=52.0%-53.6%）。特应性皮炎和现患性皮炎的患病率分别为3.4%（95%CI=3.1%-3.7%）和7.8%（95%CI=7.4%-8.2%）。