Chirambo-Kalolekesha Memory, Kaile Trevor, Mwaba Florence, Daka Victor, Simakando Marah, Kowa Sumbukeni
University of Zambia, School of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Microbiology.
Afr Health Sci. 2018 Sep;18(3):496-502. doi: 10.4314/ahs.v18i3.5.
Human Parvovirus (B19V) is a small, single-stranded, non-enveloped DNA virus which is pathogenic to humans causing a wide array of clinical complications which include erythema infectiosum, aplastic crisis and hydrops foetalis. It is generally harmless in healthy individuals but may be life threatening in immunocompromised individuals such as patients with sickle cell disease, cancer, HIV and pregnant women. It has been shown to be transmissible by blood transfusion but donor screening for the virus is not yet mandatory in most sub-Saharan African countries including Zambia.
This was a cross-sectional study undertaken at the Kitwe Central Hospital, blood bank and Tropical Diseases Research Centre at Ndola Central Hospital. A total of 192 blood samples were screened for Ig M antibodies against parvovirus B19 by ELISA.
The general objective of the study was to determine the seroprevalence of parvovirus B19 infections among healthy blood donors at the Kitwe Central Hospital blood bank. Specific Objectives were to detect parvovirus B19 Ig M antibodies in donor blood using serology and to analyse the age and sex distribution of parvovirus among blood donors.
The prevalence of parvovirus B19 Ig M in this study was 15.6%. The majority of the positive cases were in the age group 15-22 years (17.8%) but there was no statistical significance between occurrence of parvovirus and age ( p value=0.703). Prevalence in males was higher than in females that is 16.4% and 13.8%, respectively. The relationship between gender and parvovirus B19 occurrence was however not significant either (p value=0.516).
This study showed a 15.6% prevalence rate of acute Parvovirus B19 infections in blood donors at the Kitwe Central Hospital, blood bank. Studies with larger sample sizes are needed to validate these results.
人细小病毒（B19V）是一种小型单链无包膜DNA病毒，可导致人类出现多种临床并发症，包括传染性红斑、再生障碍性危象和胎儿水肿。它在健康个体中通常无害，但在免疫功能低下的个体中可能危及生命，如镰状细胞病患者、癌症患者、艾滋病毒感染者和孕妇。已证明该病毒可通过输血传播，但在包括赞比亚在内的大多数撒哈拉以南非洲国家，对献血者进行该病毒筛查并非强制性要求。
这是一项在基特韦中央医院、血库以及恩多拉中央医院热带病研究中心开展的横断面研究。通过酶联免疫吸附测定法（ELISA）对总共192份血样进行了针对细小病毒B19的IgM抗体筛查。
本研究的总体目标是确定基特韦中央医院血库中健康献血者细小病毒B19感染的血清流行率。具体目标是使用血清学方法检测献血者血液中的细小病毒B19 IgM抗体，并分析献血者中细小病毒的年龄和性别分布。
本研究中细小病毒B19 IgM的流行率为15.6%。大多数阳性病例在15 - 22岁年龄组（17.8%），但细小病毒的发生与年龄之间无统计学意义（p值 = 0.703）。男性的流行率高于女性，分别为16.4%和13.8%。然而，性别与细小病毒B19发生之间的关系也不显著（p值 = 0.516）。
本研究显示基特韦中央医院血库中献血者急性细小病毒B19感染的流行率为15.6%。需要更大样本量的研究来验证这些结果。
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