Stange Madison, Graydon Candice, Dixon Mike J
Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
J Gambl Stud. 2016 Mar;32(1):187-203. doi: 10.1007/s10899-015-9538-x.
While scratch cards are a popular, accessible, and inexpensive form of gambling, very little is known about how they affect and influence the player. This study sought to understand the physiological and subjective experience of scratch card play, with special emphasis on the effect of near-miss outcomes (i.e. uncovering two out of three "grand prize" symbols needed to win said prize), which are remarkably prevalent in scratch card games. Thirty-eight undergraduate students from the University of Waterloo each played two custom scratch card games and experienced three types of outcomes (losses, wins and near-misses) while their skin conductance levels (SCLs) and post-reinforcement pauses were recorded. Each participant also rated each outcome in terms of its subjective level of arousal, valence, and frustration. Our results indicate that players interpreted near-misses as negatively valenced, highly arousing, frustrating losses, and were faster to move onto the next game following this type of outcome than following winning outcomes. Additionally, near-miss outcomes were associated with the largest amount of change in SCLs as the outcome was revealed. This work has implications for the problem gambling literature as it provides evidence of the frustration hypothesis of near-misses in scratch cards, and is the first study to examine the physiological and psychological experiences of scratch card players.
虽然刮刮乐是一种流行、易获取且价格低廉的赌博形式，但对于它们如何影响玩家，人们却知之甚少。本研究旨在了解刮刮乐游戏的生理和主观体验，特别强调了差点中奖结果（即未中“大奖”，但已刮出三个所需“大奖”符号中的两个）的影响，这种情况在刮刮乐游戏中极为普遍。来自滑铁卢大学的38名本科生每人玩了两款定制刮刮乐游戏，并体验了三种结果（输、赢和差点中奖），同时记录他们的皮肤电导水平（SCL）和强化后停顿时间。每位参与者还根据每种结果的主观唤醒水平、效价和挫败感对其进行评分。我们的结果表明，玩家将差点中奖视为负性效价、高度唤醒、令人沮丧的失败，并且在出现这种结果后比中奖结果后更快进入下一局游戏。此外，随着结果揭晓，差点中奖结果与皮肤电导水平的最大变化量相关。这项工作对问题赌博文献具有启示意义，因为它为刮刮乐中差点中奖的挫败假设提供了证据，并且是第一项研究刮刮乐玩家生理和心理体验的研究。
