Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parks College of Engineering, Aviation, and Technology, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri.
J Orthop Res. 2019 Jun;37(6):1246-1262. doi: 10.1002/jor.24212. Epub 2019 Feb 14.
Adult skeletal muscle can regenerate effectively after mild physical or chemical insult. Muscle trauma or disease can overwhelm this innate capacity for regeneration and result in heightened inflammation and fibrotic tissue deposition resulting in loss of structure and function. Recent studies have focused on biomaterial and stem cell-based therapies to promote skeletal muscle regeneration following injury and disease. Many stem cell populations besides satellite cells are implicated in muscle regeneration. These stem cells include but are not limited to mesenchymal stem cells, adipose-derived stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells, pericytes, fibroadipogenic progenitors, side population cells, and CD133 stem cells. However, several challenges associated with their isolation, availability, delivery, survival, engraftment, and differentiation have been reported in recent studies. While acellular scaffolds offer a relatively safe and potentially off-the-shelf solution to cell-based therapies, they are often unable to stimulate host cell migration and activity to a level that would result in clinically meaningful regeneration of traumatized muscle. Combining stem cells and biomaterials may offer a viable therapeutic strategy that may overcome the limitations associated with these therapies when they are used in isolation. In this article, we review the stem cell populations that can stimulate muscle regeneration in vitro and in vivo. We also discuss the regenerative potential of combination therapies that utilize both stem cell and biomaterials for the treatment of skeletal muscle injury and disease. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:1246-1262, 2019.
成人骨骼肌在受到轻微的物理或化学损伤后可以有效地再生。肌肉创伤或疾病会超过这种先天的再生能力，并导致炎症加剧和纤维组织沉积，导致结构和功能丧失。最近的研究集中在基于生物材料和干细胞的疗法上，以促进损伤和疾病后骨骼肌的再生。除了卫星细胞之外，许多干细胞群体都与肌肉再生有关。这些干细胞包括但不限于间充质干细胞、脂肪来源的干细胞、造血干细胞、周细胞、纤维脂肪祖细胞、侧群细胞和 CD133 干细胞。然而，最近的研究报道了与它们的分离、可用性、递送、存活、植入和分化相关的几个挑战。虽然无细胞支架为基于细胞的疗法提供了相对安全且潜在的现成解决方案，但它们通常无法刺激宿主细胞迁移和活性，从而导致创伤肌肉的临床意义上的再生。将干细胞和生物材料结合起来可能是一种可行的治疗策略，当它们单独使用时，可以克服这些疗法的局限性。本文综述了能够在体外和体内刺激肌肉再生的干细胞群体。我们还讨论了利用干细胞和生物材料联合治疗骨骼肌损伤和疾病的再生潜力。© 2019 矫形研究学会。由 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 出版。J 骨科研究 37:1246-1262, 2019.
