College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
Food Funct. 2019 Jan 22;10(1):422-431. doi: 10.1039/c8fo01699b.
Phloretin, a dihydrogen chalcone flavonoid, is mainly isolated from apples and strawberries. Phloretin has been proven to have many biological activities such as anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative. Herein, we investigated the protective efficacy and potential mechanism of phloretin in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis (UC) in mice. The results showed that phloretin resulted in a reduced DSS-induced disease activity index (DAI), colon length shortening and colonic pathological damage. The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the colon were also decreased by the administration of phloretin. Exploration of the potential mechanism demonstrated that phloretin suppressed the inflammatory response by regulating the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) pathways. Phloretin also inhibited the DSS-induced (NOD)-like receptor family and pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activations. Further studies found that phloretin reduced key markers of oxidative stress as well as regulated the expression of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and occludin. Interestingly, the concentration of serum lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was significantly decreased. Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Lactobacillus levels were also re-balanced after phloretin treatment. These results indicate that phloretin might be a new dietary strategy for the treatment of UC.
根皮苷，一种二氢查耳酮类黄酮，主要从苹果和草莓中分离得到。根皮苷已被证明具有许多生物活性，如抗炎和抗氧化作用。在此，我们研究了根皮苷在葡聚糖硫酸钠（DSS）诱导的溃疡性结肠炎（UC）小鼠模型中的保护作用及其潜在机制。结果表明，根皮苷可降低 DSS 诱导的疾病活动指数（DAI）、结肠缩短和结肠病理损伤。根皮苷还可降低结肠中促炎细胞因子的水平。对潜在机制的探索表明，根皮苷通过调节核因子-κB（NF-κB）、Toll 样受体 4（TLR4）和过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ（PPARγ）途径抑制炎症反应。根皮苷还抑制 DSS 诱导的（NOD）样受体家族和吡咯烷二硫代氨基甲酸盐（NLRP3）炎性小体激活。进一步的研究发现，根皮苷降低了氧化应激的关键标志物，并调节了紧密连接蛋白-1（ZO-1）和闭合蛋白的表达。有趣的是，血清脂多糖（LPS）的浓度显著降低。经根皮苷处理后，大肠杆菌（E. coli）和乳酸杆菌的水平也得到了重新平衡。这些结果表明，根皮苷可能是治疗 UC 的一种新的饮食策略。
