Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Centre for Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Institute of Medical Sociology, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Stress Health. 2019 Apr;35(2):187-199. doi: 10.1002/smi.2853. Epub 2019 Jan 30.
Rapid advances in digitization technologies are changing modern working conditions especially in industrial settings. Consequently, employees are confronted with new forms of human-machine interaction. Whether changes in working conditions in general, and the increasing relevance of human-machine interaction in particular, affect psychosocial working conditions, and employee's health is currently matter of debate, but empirical data are lacking. Therefore, we conducted semistructured interviews with 36 employees working in five different companies. The interviews were aimed at identifying potential stressors associated with the introduction and use of modern technologies in the manufacturing industry. The results show that stressors linked to human-machine interaction are technical problems, poor usability, low situation awareness, and increased requirements on employees' qualification. For example, technical problems such as breakdowns or slowdowns were described as a main stressor when employees were not qualified to handle these problems on their own, thus decelerating work flows and causing additional time pressure. Overall, the results show that problems in human-machine interaction, which have been observed in laboratory and nonindustrial settings, also apply to industrial work places with highly automated working conditions and are a potential source of stress. These factors should be considered in psychosocial risk assessment of work-related stressors.
数字化技术的快速发展正在改变现代工作条件，特别是在工业环境中。因此，员工面临着新形式的人机交互。工作条件的变化，以及人机交互的相关性增加是否会影响心理社会工作条件和员工的健康，目前仍存在争议，但缺乏经验数据。因此，我们对 5 家不同公司的 36 名员工进行了半结构化访谈。这些访谈旨在确定与制造业中现代技术的引入和使用相关的潜在压力源。结果表明，与人机交互相关的压力源包括技术问题、可用性差、低态势感知和对员工资格的要求提高。例如，当员工没有能力自己处理这些问题时，技术问题（如故障或减速）被描述为主要压力源，从而减缓了工作流程并导致额外的时间压力。总的来说，结果表明，在实验室和非工业环境中观察到的人机交互问题也适用于高度自动化工作条件的工业工作场所，是压力的潜在来源。这些因素应在工作相关压力源的心理社会风险评估中得到考虑。
