Center for Health Systems Research, National Institute of Public Health, Universidad No. 655. Col. Santa María Ahuacatitlán Cerrada Los Pinos y Caminera Cuernavaca, Cuernavaca 62100, Morelos, Mexico.
Nutrition and Health Research Center, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca 62100, Mexico.
Nutrients. 2019 Jan 3;11(1):78. doi: 10.3390/nu11010078.
We estimated the affordability of food and beverages by energy density and nutrient quality in Mexico and tested for differential trends in affordability over time and by income quintile. We used the National Income and Expenditures Survey from 1994 to 2016, and information on the caloric and nutrient content of food and beverages from Mexican food composition tables. We estimated food energy density (kcal/kg) and nutrient quality of food and beverages using the nutrient-rich food index (NRFI). Affordability of food and beverages was defined as household monthly income needed to purchase 1000 kcal. The affordability index was expressed by quintiles of energy density and quintiles of the NRFI and by income quintile over time. We found that more energy-dense foods and food and beverages with lower nutrient quality were more affordable compared to healthier food and beverages. Food categories with lower energy density and a higher NRFI became less affordable over time for most income groups, but the burden was higher for lower-income households. A comprehensive national strategy should be implemented to make healthier options more affordable and discretional foods and beverages with lower nutrient quality less affordable.
我们根据能量密度和营养质量来评估墨西哥食品和饮料的负担能力，并检验随时间推移和按收入五分位数的负担能力的差异趋势。我们使用了 1994 年至 2016 年的国家收入和支出调查以及墨西哥食物成分表中关于食品和饮料卡路里和营养含量的信息。我们使用富含营养的食物指数 (NRFI) 来估计食品和饮料的能量密度和营养质量。食品和饮料的负担能力定义为购买 1000 卡路里所需的家庭月收入。负担能力指数通过能量密度五分位数、NRFI 五分位数和随时间推移的收入五分位数来表示。我们发现，与更健康的食品和饮料相比，能量密度更高的食品和饮料以及营养质量更低的食品和饮料更容易负担得起。对于大多数收入群体来说，能量密度较低且 NRFI 较高的食品类别随时间推移变得越来越难以负担，但对于低收入家庭来说，负担更重。应该实施一项全面的国家战略，使更健康的选择更负担得起，而营养质量较低的随意性食品和饮料则更难以负担。
