Azara A, Castiglia P, Piana A, Masia M D, Palmieri A, Arru B, Maida G, Dettori M
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
Ann Ig. 2018 Nov-Dec;30(6):517-526. doi: 10.7416/ai.2018.2252.
Until 2012, the European Directive 98/83/EC and the Italian Legislative Decree 31/2001 allowed derogation from the drinking water quality standards in Italy with a number of requests higher than any other European country. The present work aims to assess the extent of the derogation granted in Italy, in particular by noting those issued from 2001 to 2012, in order to obtain a retrospective quality indicator, useful for evaluating the risk arising from population exposure.
The most significant factors leading to derogation were analyzed. We first carried out an in-depth analysis of the European, national and regional legislation and subsequently distributed the obtained data according to: parameters regarding derogation; length of the derogation; area involved; and maximum parameter value granted by the derogation acts.
We found approximately 100 derogation acts, granted in 14 Regions and concerning 19, mostly chemical, parameters. The most frequently granted derogation, in 12 Regions, was due to the presence of arsenic. Furthermore, given its 10-year presence in Campania and Lazio, fluoride was the most widespread parameter in the Italian territory. The year 2006 had the largest number of derogations issued with 22 acts found: this decreased to one during the third three-year derogation granted in 2012.
Data collected showed how often Italy applied for drinking water quality derogation in recent years, going so far as to request a third three-year derogation. While this phenomenon has highlighted a practice largely ignored by the public, derogation acts have often involved the same parameters, underlining how difficult it can be to comply with the standards in a timely manner.
直到2012年，欧洲指令98/83/EC和意大利第31/2001号立法令允许意大利在饮用水质量标准方面进行豁免，其申请数量高于任何其他欧洲国家。本研究旨在评估意大利给予豁免的程度，特别是记录2001年至2012年期间发布的豁免情况，以获得一个回顾性质量指标，用于评估人群暴露所产生的风险。
分析导致豁免的最重要因素。我们首先对欧洲、国家和地区立法进行了深入分析，随后根据以下内容对获得的数据进行分类：与豁免相关的参数；豁免期限；涉及地区；以及豁免法案所允许的最大参数值。
我们发现大约有100项豁免法案，涉及14个地区和19个参数，其中大部分为化学参数。在12个地区，最常给予豁免的原因是砷的存在。此外，由于氟化物在坎帕尼亚和拉齐奥地区存在了10年，它是意大利境内分布最广泛的参数。2006年发布的豁免法案数量最多，有22项；而在2012年给予的第三个三年期豁免期间，这一数量降至1项。
收集到的数据显示了意大利近年来申请饮用水质量豁免的频率，甚至还申请了第三个三年期豁免。虽然这一现象凸显了一种 largely被公众忽视的做法，但豁免法案往往涉及相同的参数，这凸显了及时遵守标准的难度。
