College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225009, P.R.China.
Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Miniatry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225009, P.R. China.
Poult Sci. 2019 May 1;98(5):2066-2071. doi: 10.3382/ps/pey553.
Cottonseed meal (CSM), an oil industry by-product, is an attractive alternative protein source in poultry diets. To investigate the effects of CSM on growth performance, small intestinal morphology, digestive enzyme activities, and serum biochemical parameters of geese, a total of 300 healthy, 28-day-old, male Jiangnan geese were randomly divided into 5 treatments, with 6 pens of 10 geese each. Five isonitrogenous and isocaloric experimental diets were formulated to produce diets in which 0% (control), 25% (CSM25), 50% (CSM50), 75% (CSM75), and 100% (CSM100) of protein from soybean meal was replaced by CSM (corresponding to 0, 6.73, 13.46, 20.18, and 26.91% CSM in the feed, respectively). At 28, 42, and 70 d, BW and feed intake for each pen were measured. Blood, small intestine, and chyme samples were collected at 70 d. The results showed that dietary 13.46% CSM or more decreased BW at 42 d and ADG from 28 to 42 d but increased the feed/gain ratio (F/G) from 28 to 42 d (P < 0.05). From 42 to 70 d, geese in the CSM groups had higher ADFI and ADG than those of the control group (P < 0.05). Geese in the CSM75 and CSM100 groups had a higher ADG from 28 to 70 d and BW at 70 d and a lower F/G from 42 to 70 d than those of the control group (P < 0.05). Dietary 6.73% CSM also improved ADFI from 28 to 70 d (P < 0.05). Compared to the control, geese in the CSM groups had decreased pepsin and lipase activities, and those in the CSM25, CSM50, and CSM75 groups had increased villus height in the jejunum at 70 d (P < 0.05). All groups had similar concentrations of total protein, blood urea nitrogen, uric acid, cholesterol, triglyceride, calcium, and phosphorus in serum (P > 0.05). In conclusion, excessive use of CSM (>6.73%) decreased growth performance at an early age (28 to 42 d) in geese, whereas 6.73 to 26.91% CSM in feed improved growth performance from 28 to 70 d.
棉籽粕（CSM）是一种油业副产品，是家禽饲料中极具吸引力的替代蛋白质来源。为了研究 CSM 对鹅生长性能、小肠形态、消化酶活性和血清生化参数的影响，将 300 只健康、28 日龄、雄性江南鹅随机分为 5 组，每组 6 个围栏，每栏 10 只鹅。设计了 5 种等氮等能的实验饲料，用棉籽粕分别替代 0%（对照）、25%（CSM25）、50%（CSM50）、75%（CSM75）和 100%（CSM100）的大豆粕蛋白，产生相应的饲料（分别对应饲料中 0、6.73、13.46、20.18 和 26.91%的 CSM）。在 28、42 和 70 天，每栏测量体重和采食量。在 70 天收集血液、小肠和食糜样本。结果表明，饲粮中 13.46%或更多的 CSM 降低了 42 天的体重和 28 至 42 天的平均日增重，但增加了 28 至 42 天的饲料/增重比（F/G）（P <0.05）。从 42 至 70 天，CSM 组的鹅的平均日采食量和平均日增重均高于对照组（P <0.05）。CSM75 和 CSM100 组的鹅 28 至 70 天的平均日增重和 70 天的体重以及 42 至 70 天的饲料/增重比均低于对照组（P <0.05）。饲粮中 6.73%的 CSM 也提高了 28 至 70 天的平均日采食量（P <0.05）。与对照组相比，CSM 组的鹅在 70 天时胃蛋白酶和脂肪酶活性降低，CSM25、CSM50 和 CSM75 组的鹅在 70 天时空肠的绒毛高度增加（P <0.05）。所有组的血清总蛋白、血尿素氮、尿酸、胆固醇、甘油三酯、钙和磷浓度均无显著差异（P >0.05）。总之，鹅早期（28 至 42 天）过度使用 CSM（>6.73%）会降低生长性能，而饲料中 6.73%至 26.91%的 CSM 则可提高 28 至 70 天的生长性能。
