College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China.
J Anim Sci. 2023 Jan 3;101. doi: 10.1093/jas/skad020.
A total of 240 28-d-old male goslings were used to investigate the effects of cottonseed meal (CSM) on performance, gossypol residue, liver function, lipid metabolism, and cecal microbiota. All birds were randomly allotted into five groups (eight goslings/replicate, six replicates/group) and subjected to a 35-d experiment. Five isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated to produce diets in which 0% (control), 25% (CSM25), 50% (CSM50), 75% (CSM75), and 100% (CSM100) of protein from soybean meal was replaced by protein from CSM. The free gossypol contents in the five diets were 0, 44, 92, 135, and 183 mg/kg, respectively. Dietary CSM did not affect the growth performance from 29 to 63 d and carcass traits at 63 d (P > 0.05). Liver gossypol residues were influenced (P < 0.05) by dietary CSM and increased linearly (P < 0.05) and quadratically (P < 0.05) as dietary CSM increased. The malondialdehyde content of the liver was lower in the CSM100 group than in the other groups (P < 0.05). Serum triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were influenced (P < 0.05) by dietary CSM and increased linearly (P < 0.05) with increasing dietary CSM. Dietary CSM altered (P < 0.05) the composition of some fatty acids in the liver and breast muscle. The concentration of linolenic acid and Σn-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) in the liver and breast muscle decreased linearly, but the Σn-6/Σn-3 PUFA ratio increased linearly with increasing dietary CSM (P < 0.05). Dietary CSM affected (P < 0.05) the hepatic gene expression of fatty acid synthase (FAS), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), and apolipoprotein B (ApoB). As the dietary CSM concentration increased, the hepatic gene expression of FAS increased linearly (P < 0.05) and quadratically (P < 0.05), but the hepatic gene expression of ACC and ApoB increased linearly (P < 0.05). The CSM diet decreased the relative abundance of the Bacteroidota and Bacteroides (P < 0.05), and the CSM50 diet increased the relative abundance of the Firmicutes and Colidextribacter (P < 0.05) compared to the control group. Overall, these results show that dietary CSM has no adverse effects on the performance of goslings from 29 to 63 d. However, CSM affected organismal lipid metabolism, reduced products' edible value, and adaptively altered cecum microbiota.
共计 240 只 28 日龄雄性鹅被用于研究棉籽粕（CSM）对性能、棉酚残留、肝功能、脂代谢和盲肠微生物群的影响。所有鸟类被随机分配到五组（每组 8 只鹅，6 个重复），并进行了 35 天的实验。配制了五种等氮和等能的日粮，以生产出 0%（对照）、25%（CSM25）、50%（CSM50）、75%（CSM75）和 100%（CSM100）的大豆粕蛋白被 CSM 蛋白替代的日粮。五种日粮中的游离棉酚含量分别为 0、44、92、135 和 183mg/kg。从 29 日龄到 63 日龄，日粮 CSM 对生长性能没有影响，63 日龄时的胴体性状也没有影响（P＞0.05）。日粮 CSM 影响（P＜0.05）肝脏棉酚残留，随着日粮 CSM 的增加，肝脏棉酚残留呈线性（P＜0.05）和二次（P＜0.05）增加。CSM100 组的肝脏丙二醛含量低于其他组（P＜0.05）。血清甘油三酯和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇受日粮 CSM 影响（P＜0.05），随着日粮 CSM 的增加呈线性增加（P＜0.05）。日粮 CSM 改变了（P＜0.05）肝脏和胸肌中一些脂肪酸的组成。肝脏和胸肌中亚麻酸和Σn-3 多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）的浓度呈线性下降，但Σn-6/Σn-3 PUFA 比值随着日粮 CSM 的增加而线性增加（P＜0.05）。日粮 CSM 影响（P＜0.05）脂肪酸合酶（FAS）、乙酰辅酶 A 羧化酶（ACC）和载脂蛋白 B（ApoB）的肝基因表达。随着日粮 CSM 浓度的增加，FAS 的肝基因表达呈线性增加（P＜0.05）和二次增加（P＜0.05），但 ACC 和 ApoB 的肝基因表达呈线性增加（P＜0.05）。CSM 日粮降低了拟杆菌门和拟杆菌属的相对丰度（P＜0.05），CSM50 日粮增加了厚壁菌门和 Colidextribacter 的相对丰度（P＜0.05）与对照组相比。总的来说，这些结果表明，从 29 日龄到 63 日龄，日粮 CSM 对鹅的生长性能没有不良影响。然而，CSM 影响了机体的脂代谢，降低了产品的食用价值，并适应性地改变了盲肠微生物群。
