Zhernova Daiana A, Pushkova Elena N, Rozhmina Tatiana A, Borkhert Elena V, Arkhipov Alexander A, Sigova Elizaveta A, Dvorianinova Ekaterina M, Dmitriev Alexey A, Melnikova Nataliya V
Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
Federal Research Center for Bast Fiber Crops, Torzhok, Russia.
Front Plant Sci. 2025 Jan 15;15:1495069. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1495069. eCollection 2024.
Flax ( L.) is known as a dual-purpose crop, producing both fiber and oil, which have a wide range of uses. Successful flax breeding requires knowledge on the genetic determinants of flax traits. The former identification of molecular markers for valuable traits used labor-intensive and sometimes poorly reproducible approaches. However, they allowed an assessment of the genetic diversity of flax and its relatives, the construction of linkage maps, and the identification of some markers for important characteristics. The sequencing of flax whole genome triggered the development of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping. QTLs and quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs) were identified for valuable seed- and fiber-related features and for resistance to biotic and abiotic stressors. Cost-effective and accurate analysis of large number of genotypes for multiple markers simultaneously using microarrays or targeted deep sequencing became available, as well as HRM, TaqMan, KASP, and other fluorescence-based high-throughput methods for detecting DNA polymorphisms. However, most DNA markers identified in flax are ambiguously linked to trait expression and are not universally applicable. A major challenge remains the lack of knowledge on functional polymorphisms. To date, only a few are known, mainly mutations in the genes responsible for reduced linolenic acid content in linseed oil. For the further development of marker-assisted and genomic selection of flax, it is necessary to analyze exhaustively phenotyped sample sets, to identify DNA polymorphisms that determine valuable traits, and to develop efficient DNA test systems.
亚麻（L.）是一种双用途作物，既能生产纤维又能产油，二者用途广泛。成功的亚麻育种需要了解亚麻性状的遗传决定因素。以前对有价值性状的分子标记进行鉴定时，采用的方法 labor-intensive 且有时重复性差。然而，这些方法有助于评估亚麻及其近缘种的遗传多样性、构建连锁图谱以及鉴定一些重要性状的标记。亚麻全基因组测序推动了全基因组关联研究（GWAS）和数量性状基因座（QTL）定位的发展。已鉴定出与种子和纤维相关的有价值特征以及对生物和非生物胁迫抗性的QTL和数量性状核苷酸（QTN）。利用微阵列或靶向深度测序可同时对大量基因型的多个标记进行经济高效且准确的分析，以及用于检测DNA多态性的HRM、TaqMan、KASP和其他基于荧光的高通量方法。然而，亚麻中鉴定出的大多数DNA标记与性状表达的关联不明确，且并非普遍适用。一个主要挑战仍然是缺乏对功能多态性的了解。迄今为止，已知的只有少数几个，主要是亚麻籽中负责降低亚麻酸含量的基因中的突变。为了亚麻标记辅助选择和基因组选择的进一步发展，有必要详尽分析经过表型鉴定的样本集，鉴定决定有价值性状的DNA多态性，并开发高效的DNA检测系统。
