Inhibitory effect of vitamin C on growth and aflatoxin gene expression.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE

Aflatoxin is known as one of the most important mycotoxins threatening human life. This toxin is produced by species, which is the common cause of agricultural product contamination. The use of organic compounds has been always considered for the inhibition of fungal growth and toxin production. Regarding this, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of vitamin C on the rate of fungal growth, gene expression, and toxin production.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

For the purpose of the study, first, ATCC15517 was cultured in Sabouraud dextrose agar medium containing vitamin C at concentrations of 200, 100, 50, 25, 12.5, 6.25, and 3.1 mg/ml and temperature of 28°C for 72 h. Then, the amount of aflatoxin produced in the presence of vitamin C was measured through high performance liquid chromatography. Finally, by extracting the DNA of the cultured samples, the gene expression level was evaluated by means of real-time polymerase chain reaction at different concentrations of vitamin C.

RESULTS

The results showed that mycelium deformation was started at the vitamin C concentration of 50 mg/ml, and that only fungal spores were observed at higher concentrations. The levels of total aflatoxin and its subsets, namely B, B, G, and G, in the presence of vitamin C were estimated as 5.9, 1.9, 0.2, 3.5, and 0.3 ppm, respectively. On the other hand, these values were respectively obtained as 207.5, 73.6, 4.5, 123.4, and 6 ppm in the absence of vitamin C. Measurement of the expression level of genes showed that the level of gene expression decreased to 68% and up to 81% at the vitamin C concentrations of 25 and 50 mg/ml, respectively.

CONCLUSION

This study showed that vitamin C, as a human-compatible compound, could be considered a good agent to protect agricultural products against fungal aflatoxin.