Department of Oral Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
J Clin Periodontol. 2019 Jun;46 Suppl 21:52-69. doi: 10.1111/jcpe.13056.
Osteoimmunology covers the cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for inflammatory osteolysis that culminates in the degradation of alveolar bone. Osteoimmunology also focuses on the interplay of immune cells with bone cells during bone remodelling and regeneration. The aim of this review was to provide insights into how osteoimmunology affects alveolar bone health and disease.
This review is based on a narrative approach to assemble mouse models that provide insights into the cellular and molecular mechanisms causing inflammatory osteolysis and on the impact of immune cells on alveolar bone regeneration.
Mouse models have revealed the molecular pathways by which microbial and other factors activate immune cells that initiate an inflammatory response. The inflammation-induced alveolar bone loss occurs with the concomitant suppression of bone formation. Mouse models also showed that immune cells contribute to the resolution of inflammation and bone regeneration, even though studies with a focus on alveolar socket healing are rare.
Considering that osteoimmunology is evolutionarily conserved, osteolysis removes the cause of inflammation by provoking tooth loss. The impact of immune cells on bone regeneration is presumably a way to reinitiate the developmental mechanisms of intramembranous and endochondral bone formation.
骨免疫学涵盖了导致炎症性骨吸收的细胞和分子机制，最终导致牙槽骨降解。骨免疫学还关注免疫细胞与骨细胞在骨重塑和再生过程中的相互作用。本综述的目的是深入了解骨免疫学如何影响牙槽骨健康和疾病。
本综述基于叙述方法，汇集了一些小鼠模型，这些模型深入了解了导致炎症性骨吸收的细胞和分子机制，以及免疫细胞对牙槽骨再生的影响。
小鼠模型揭示了微生物和其他因素激活免疫细胞从而引发炎症反应的分子途径。炎症引起的牙槽骨丢失伴随着骨形成的同时抑制。尽管以牙槽窝愈合为重点的研究很少，但小鼠模型也表明免疫细胞有助于炎症的消退和骨再生。
鉴于骨免疫学具有进化保守性，骨吸收通过引发牙齿脱落来消除炎症的原因。免疫细胞对骨再生的影响可能是重新启动膜内和软骨内骨形成发育机制的一种方式。
