Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinnanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Tokyo, 200-0004, Japan.
Anal Bioanal Chem. 2019 Mar;411(9):1825-1837. doi: 10.1007/s00216-018-1548-y. Epub 2019 Jan 9.
Nanomaterials have extensive applications in the life sciences and in clinical diagnosis. We have developed magnetic nanoparticles with high dispersibility and extremely low nonspecific binding to biomolecules and have demonstrated their application in chemical biology (e.g., for the screening of drug receptor proteins). Recently, the excellent properties of nanobeads have made possible the development of novel rapid immunoassay systems and high-precision technologies for exosome detection. For immunoassays, we developed a technology to encapsulate a fluorescent substance in magnetic nanobeads. The fluorescent nanobeads allow the rapid detection of a specific antigen in solution or in tissue specimens. Exosomes, which are released into the blood, are expected to become markers for several diseases, including cancer, but techniques for measuring the absolute quantity of exosomes in biological fluids are lacking. By integrating magnetic nanobead technology with an optical disc system, we developed a novel method for precisely quantifying exosomes in human serum with high sensitivity and high linearity without requiring enrichment procedures. This review focuses on the properties of our magnetic nanobeads, the development of novel biosensors using these nanobeads, and their broad practical applications. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
纳米材料在生命科学和临床诊断中有广泛的应用。我们开发了具有高分散性和极低非特异性结合生物分子的磁性纳米粒子，并展示了它们在化学生物学中的应用（例如，用于筛选药物受体蛋白）。最近，纳米珠的优良性能使得开发新型快速免疫分析系统和用于外泌体检测的高精度技术成为可能。对于免疫分析，我们开发了一种将荧光物质封装在磁性纳米珠中的技术。荧光纳米珠允许在溶液或组织标本中快速检测特定抗原。外泌体被释放到血液中，有望成为包括癌症在内的几种疾病的标志物，但缺乏测量生物体液中外泌体绝对数量的技术。通过将磁性纳米珠技术与光盘系统集成，我们开发了一种新颖的方法，可在无需富集程序的情况下，以高灵敏度和高线性度精确定量人血清中的外泌体。本综述重点介绍了我们的磁性纳米珠的特性、使用这些纳米珠开发的新型生物传感器及其广泛的实际应用。
