Onishi Tatsuya, Mihara Kisyo, Matsuda Sachiko, Sakamoto Satoshi, Kuwahata Akihiro, Sekino Masaki, Kusakabe Moriaki, Handa Hiroshi, Kitagawa Yuko
Department of Breast Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa 277-8577, Chiba, Japan.
Department of Surgery, Kawasaki Municipal Kawasaki Hospital, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-0013, Kanagawa, Japan.
Cancers (Basel). 2022 Jan 12;14(2):364. doi: 10.3390/cancers14020364.
Screening, monitoring, and diagnosis are critical in oncology treatment. However, there are limitations with the current clinical methods, notably the time, cost, and special facilities required for radioisotope-based methods. An alternative approach, which uses magnetic beads, offers faster analyses with safer materials over a wide range of oncological applications. Magnetic beads have been used to detect extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the serum of pancreatic cancer patients with statistically different EV levels in preoperative, postoperative, and negative control samples. By incorporating fluorescence, magnetic beads have been used to quantitatively measure prostate-specific antigen (PSA), a prostate cancer biomarker, which is sensitive enough even at levels found in healthy patients. Immunostaining has also been incorporated with magnetic beads and compared with conventional immunohistochemical methods to detect lesions; the results suggest that immunostained magnetic beads could be used for pathological diagnosis during surgery. Furthermore, magnetic nanoparticles, such as superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs), can detect sentinel lymph nodes in breast cancer in a clinical setting, as well as those in gallbladder cancer in animal models, in a surgery-applicable timeframe. Ultimately, recent research into the applications of magnetic beads in oncology suggests that the screening, monitoring, and diagnosis of cancers could be improved and made more accessible through the adoption of this technology.
筛查、监测和诊断在肿瘤治疗中至关重要。然而，当前的临床方法存在局限性，尤其是基于放射性同位素的方法所需的时间、成本和特殊设备。一种使用磁珠的替代方法在广泛的肿瘤学应用中提供了更快速的分析以及更安全的材料。磁珠已被用于检测胰腺癌患者血清中的细胞外囊泡（EVs），术前、术后和阴性对照样本中的EV水平存在统计学差异。通过结合荧光，磁珠已被用于定量测量前列腺特异性抗原（PSA），这是一种前列腺癌生物标志物，即使在健康患者体内的水平也足够敏感。免疫染色也已与磁珠结合，并与传统免疫组织化学方法进行比较以检测病变；结果表明，免疫染色磁珠可用于手术期间的病理诊断。此外，磁性纳米颗粒，如超顺磁性氧化铁纳米颗粒（SPIONs），可以在临床环境中检测乳腺癌的前哨淋巴结，以及在动物模型中检测胆囊癌的前哨淋巴结，且在手术适用的时间范围内。最终，最近对磁珠在肿瘤学应用的研究表明，通过采用这项技术，可以改善癌症的筛查、监测和诊断，并使其更容易实现。
