James Vigil, Kee Chor Yek, Ong Gene Yong-Kwang
Children's Emergency, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Sarawak General Hospital, Kuching, Malaysia.
J Emerg Med. 2019 Apr;56(4):421-425. doi: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2018.12.015. Epub 2019 Jan 10.
Point-of-care ultrasonography (POCUS) is increasingly used for both diagnostic and guided procedures. Increasingly, POCUS has been used for identification of pneumonia and to assist in the differentiation of pleural effusions, as well as to guide thoracentesis. As such, there is a need for training with ideally high-fidelity lung ultrasound phantoms to ensure ultrasound proficiency and procedural competency. Unfortunately, most commercial ultrasound phantoms remain expensive and may have limited fidelity.
Our aim was to create and describe a homemade, high-fidelity ultrasound phantom model for demonstrating pneumonia with pleural effusions for teaching purposes.
An ultrasound phantom was constructed using a water-filled latex glove with a sliver of meat in it, covered over by a palm-sized piece of meat (skin and ribs are optional to increase ultrasonographic details and realism). This would appear like parapneumonic effusions with organized pneumonia under ultrasound examination. Creamer (or talc) can be added to the water in the glove to simulate empyema. The model can also be used to teach simple effusions and for ultrasound-guided thoracentesis and in clinical decision making.
Easily prepared, homemade high-fidelity ultrasound phantom models for instructions on identification of pleural effusions and ultrasound-guided pleural tap of parapneumonic effusion were made.
床旁超声检查（POCUS）越来越多地用于诊断和引导操作。POCUS越来越多地被用于肺炎的识别、协助鉴别胸腔积液以及引导胸腔穿刺术。因此，需要使用理想的高保真肺部超声模型进行培训，以确保超声技能和操作能力。不幸的是，大多数商用超声模型仍然昂贵，而且逼真度可能有限。
我们的目标是创建并描述一种自制的高保真超声模型，用于演示伴有胸腔积液的肺炎，以用于教学目的。
使用一个装有一片肉的充水乳胶手套构建了一个超声模型，上面覆盖一块手掌大小的肉（皮肤和肋骨可选，以增加超声图像细节和真实感）。在超声检查下，这看起来就像伴有机化性肺炎的类肺炎性胸腔积液。可以向手套中的水中添加乳霜（或滑石粉）以模拟脓胸。该模型还可用于教授单纯性胸腔积液以及超声引导下的胸腔穿刺术，并用于临床决策。
制作了易于制备的自制高保真超声模型，用于指导胸腔积液的识别以及超声引导下类肺炎性胸腔积液的胸腔穿刺术。
