Faculty of Education, University of Leon, 24071 Leon, Spain.
Department of Mental Health and Center on Aging and Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019 Jan 11;16(2):191. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16020191.
The evaluation of successful aging includes objective criteria to measure cognitive function and psychological well-being and levels of functional capacity needed to perform daily activities related to the preservation of autonomy. In addition, the emergence of computerized cognitive training programs has allowed us to use a new class of tools to verify the theoretical postulates of neural plasticity in aging. The present study investigates subjective and objective criteria of successful aging in healthy older adults participating in a memory training program offered as two versions: computer and paper-and-pencil. Fifty-four healthy older adult participants recruited for the study were organized into two training groups. Group 1 (G1) used the computer program and Group 2 (G2) used the paper-and-pencil program. The analysis revealed no significant differences in psychological well-being between the two training groups. However, the groups did differ significantly in objective evaluations of successful aging, as measured by attention and everyday memory, and brain activity as measured by sLORETA, with G1 outperforming G2 on both measures. Computerized memory training programs show promise for restoring cognitive and cerebral functioning in older adults, and consequently, may be better suited to achieving the objective criteria of successful aging than paper-and-pencil memory training programs. However, this conclusion should be taken with caution since differences in age and educational level may have influenced the results.
成功老龄化的评估包括客观标准，以衡量认知功能和心理幸福感，以及执行与保持自主性相关的日常活动所需的功能能力水平。此外，计算机化认知训练计划的出现使我们能够使用一类新的工具来验证衰老中神经可塑性的理论假设。本研究调查了参与记忆训练计划的健康老年人的主观和客观标准，该训练计划有计算机和纸笔两种版本。 研究招募了 54 名健康的老年参与者，并将他们组织成两个训练组。第 1 组（G1）使用计算机程序，第 2 组（G2）使用纸笔程序。分析显示，两组在心理幸福感方面没有显著差异。然而，两组在成功老龄化的客观评估方面存在显著差异，这些评估包括注意力和日常记忆，以及通过 sLORETA 测量的大脑活动，在这两个方面 G1 都优于 G2。 计算机化记忆训练计划有望恢复老年人的认知和大脑功能，因此，与纸笔记忆训练计划相比，它们可能更适合实现成功老龄化的客观标准。然而，由于年龄和教育水平的差异可能影响了结果，因此应该谨慎得出这个结论。
