Institute of Nanoengineering and Microsystems, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan.
Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
J Biomed Sci. 2019 Jan 15;26(1):9. doi: 10.1186/s12929-019-0502-4.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived membrane-bound vesicles that serve a means of cell-cell communication. Studying EVs at a single-particle level is important because EVs are inherently heterogeneous. Novel micro- and nanotechnological tools have open opportunities for realizing single-EV measurements exploiting their biochemical, electrical, mechanical, and/or optical properties. This review summarizes the recent development of technologies toward sorting and analyzing single EVs. Sorting EVs into a more homogeneous subset relaxes the sensitivity and throughput required on the EV detection, and hence related techniques are also included in this review. These exciting technologies are on the rise and will expand our understanding of EVs and their applications in the near future.
细胞外囊泡 (EVs) 是细胞来源的具有膜结合的囊泡，它们是细胞间通讯的一种方式。在单细胞水平上研究 EVs 很重要，因为 EVs 本质上是异质的。新型的微纳技术工具为利用其生化、电气、机械和/或光学特性进行单个 EV 测量提供了机会。本综述总结了用于分选和分析单个 EVs 的技术的最新进展。将 EVs 分选成更同质的亚群可以降低对 EV 检测的灵敏度和通量要求，因此相关技术也包括在本综述中。这些令人兴奋的技术正在兴起，它们将在不久的将来扩展我们对 EVs 及其应用的理解。
