Mateescu Bogdan, Kowal Emma J K, van Balkom Bas W M, Bartel Sabine, Bhattacharyya Suvendra N, Buzás Edit I, Buck Amy H, de Candia Paola, Chow Franklin W N, Das Saumya, Driedonks Tom A P, Fernández-Messina Lola, Haderk Franziska, Hill Andrew F, Jones Jennifer C, Van Keuren-Jensen Kendall R, Lai Charles P, Lässer Cecilia, Liegro Italia di, Lunavat Taral R, Lorenowicz Magdalena J, Maas Sybren L N, Mäger Imre, Mittelbrunn Maria, Momma Stefan, Mukherjee Kamalika, Nawaz Muhammed, Pegtel D Michiel, Pfaffl Michael W, Schiffelers Raymond M, Tahara Hidetoshi, Théry Clotilde, Tosar Juan Pablo, Wauben Marca H M, Witwer Kenneth W, Nolte-'t Hoen Esther N M
Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH Zürich) , Zurich , Switzerland.
Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , MA , USA.
J Extracell Vesicles. 2017 Mar 7;6(1):1286095. doi: 10.1080/20013078.2017.1286095. eCollection 2017.
The release of RNA-containing extracellular vesicles (EV) into the extracellular milieu has been demonstrated in a multitude of different cell systems and in a variety of body fluids. RNA-containing EV are in the limelight for their capacity to communicate genetically encoded messages to other cells, their suitability as candidate biomarkers for diseases, and their use as therapeutic agents. Although EV-RNA has attracted enormous interest from basic researchers, clinicians, and industry, we currently have limited knowledge on which mechanisms drive and regulate RNA incorporation into EV and on how RNA-encoded messages affect signalling processes in EV-targeted cells. Moreover, EV-RNA research faces various technical challenges, such as standardisation of EV isolation methods, optimisation of methodologies to isolate and characterise minute quantities of RNA found in EV, and development of approaches to demonstrate functional transfer of EV-RNA . These topics were discussed at the 2015 EV-RNA workshop of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles. This position paper was written by the participants of the workshop not only to give an overview of the current state of knowledge in the field, but also to clarify that our incomplete knowledge - of the nature of EV(-RNA)s and of how to effectively and reliably study them - currently prohibits the implementation of gold standards in EV-RNA research. In addition, this paper creates awareness of possibilities and limitations of currently used strategies to investigate EV-RNA and calls for caution in interpretation of the obtained data.
在众多不同的细胞系统和多种体液中，已证实含RNA的细胞外囊泡（EV）会释放到细胞外环境中。含RNA的EV因其能够将遗传编码信息传递给其他细胞、作为疾病候选生物标志物的适用性以及作为治疗剂的用途而备受关注。尽管EV-RNA已引起基础研究人员、临床医生和业界的极大兴趣，但目前我们对驱动和调节RNA掺入EV的机制以及RNA编码信息如何影响EV靶向细胞中的信号传导过程了解有限。此外，EV-RNA研究面临各种技术挑战，例如EV分离方法的标准化、分离和表征EV中微量RNA的方法的优化，以及证明EV-RNA功能转移的方法的开发。这些主题在2015年国际细胞外囊泡学会的EV-RNA研讨会上进行了讨论。本立场文件由研讨会参与者撰写，不仅旨在概述该领域的当前知识状态，还旨在阐明我们对EV（-RNA）的性质以及如何有效和可靠地研究它们的不完全了解，目前阻碍了EV-RNA研究中黄金标准的实施。此外，本文提高了人们对当前用于研究EV-RNA的策略的可能性和局限性的认识，并呼吁在解释所获得的数据时谨慎行事。
