Buzás Edit I, Gardiner Chris, Lee Changwon, Smith Zachary J
a Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology , Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary.
b Haemostasis Research Unit, Research Department of Hematology , University College London , London , UK.
Platelets. 2017 May;28(3):249-255. doi: 10.1080/09537104.2016.1260704. Epub 2016 Dec 29.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small, membrane-bound particles released by all cell types, including abundant release by platelets. EVs are a topic of increasing interest in the academic and clinical community due to their increasingly recognised and diverse role in normal biology as well as in disease. However, typical analysis methods to characterise EVs released by cultured cells or isolated from whole blood or other body fluids are restricted to bulk analysis of all EVs in a sample. In this review, we discuss the motivation for analysis of individual EVs, as well as discuss three emerging methods for physical and chemical characterisation of individual EVs: nanoparticle tracking analysis, tunable resistive pulse sensing and Raman spectroscopy. We give brief descriptions of the working principles of each technique, along with a review noting the benefits and limitations of each method as applied to detection of single EVs.
细胞外囊泡（EVs）是由所有细胞类型释放的小的、膜结合颗粒，包括血小板大量释放。由于EVs在正常生物学以及疾病中发挥着越来越被认可且多样的作用，它们在学术界和临床界越来越受到关注。然而，用于表征培养细胞释放的或从全血或其他体液中分离出的EVs的典型分析方法仅限于对样品中所有EVs进行整体分析。在本综述中，我们讨论了分析单个EVs的动机，并讨论了三种用于单个EVs物理和化学表征的新兴方法：纳米颗粒跟踪分析、可调电阻脉冲传感和拉曼光谱。我们简要描述了每种技术的工作原理，并回顾了每种方法应用于检测单个EVs时的优点和局限性。
