Prior Jason H, Connon Irena Lc, McIntyre Erica, Adams Jon, Capon Anthony, Kent Jennifer, Rissel Chris, Thomas Leena E, Thompson Susan M, Westcott Harriet
Institute for Sustainable Futures, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia,
Institute for Sustainable Futures, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Social Science, University of Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom.
Public Health Res Pract. 2018 Dec 6;28(4):2841831. doi: 10.17061/phrp2841831.
Human-generated climate change is causing adverse health effects through multiple direct pathways (e.g. heatwaves, sea-level rise, storm frequency and intensity) and indirect pathways (e.g. food and water insecurity, social instability). Although the health system has a key role to play in addressing these health effects, so too do those professions tasked with the development of the built environment (urban and regional planners, urban designers, landscapers and architects), through improvements to buildings, streets, neighbourhoods, suburbs and cities. This article reports on the ways in which urban planning and design, and architectural interventions, can address the health effects of climate change; and the scope of climate change adaptation and mitigation approaches being implemented by the built environment professions. Type of program or service: Built environment adaptations and mitigations and their connections to the ways in which urban planning, urban design and architectural practices are addressing the health effects of climate change.
Our reflections draw on the findings of a recent review of existing health and planning literature. First, we explore the ways in which 'adaptation' and 'mitigation' relate to the notion of human and planetary health. We then outline the broad scope of adaptation and mitigation interventions being envisioned, and in some instances actioned, by built environment professionals.
Analysis of the review's findings reveals that adaptations developed by built environment professions predominantly focus on protecting human health and wellbeing from the effects of climate change. In contrast, built environment mitigations address climate change by embracing a deeper understanding of the co-benefits inherent in the interconnectedness of human health and wellbeing and the health of the ecosystem on which it depends. In the final section, we highlight the ethical transition that these approaches demand of built environment professions.
Built environment interventions must move beyond simple ecological sustainability to encouraging ways of life that are healthy for both humans and the planet. There are key challenges facing this new approach.
人为导致的气候变化正通过多种直接途径（如热浪、海平面上升、风暴频率和强度）以及间接途径（如粮食和水不安全、社会不稳定）对健康产生不利影响。尽管卫生系统在应对这些健康影响方面可发挥关键作用，但负责建筑环境发展的专业人士（城市和区域规划师、城市设计师、景观设计师和建筑师）通过改善建筑物、街道、社区、郊区和城市也能发挥重要作用。本文报告了城市规划与设计以及建筑干预措施如何应对气候变化对健康的影响；以及建筑环境专业人士实施的气候变化适应和缓解方法的范围。项目或服务类型：建筑环境的适应和缓解措施及其与城市规划、城市设计和建筑实践应对气候变化对健康影响方式的联系。
我们的思考借鉴了最近对现有健康与规划文献的综述结果。首先，我们探讨“适应”和“缓解”与人类和地球健康概念的关联方式。然后，我们概述建筑环境专业人士所设想的、在某些情况下已付诸行动的适应和缓解干预措施的广泛范围。
对综述结果的分析表明，建筑环境专业人士制定的适应措施主要侧重于保护人类健康和福祉免受气候变化影响。相比之下，建筑环境缓解措施通过更深入理解人类健康与福祉及其所依赖的生态系统健康之间相互联系中固有的共同效益来应对气候变化。在最后一部分，我们强调了这些方法要求建筑环境专业人士进行的伦理转变。
建筑环境干预措施必须超越简单的生态可持续性，转向鼓励对人类和地球都健康的生活方式。这种新方法面临着关键挑战。
