探索和可视化多伦多市小区域层面的社会经济因素、酒精供应和建成环境对酒精支出的影响：一种空间分析方法。
Exploring and visualizing the small-area-level socioeconomic factors, alcohol availability and built environment influences of alcohol expenditure for the City of Toronto: a spatial analysis approach.
机构信息
School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
School of Planning, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
出版信息
Health Promot Chronic Dis Prev Can. 2019 Jan;39(1):15-24. doi: 10.24095/hpcdp.39.1.02.
INTRODUCTION
Many Canadians continue to drink alcohol in excess of the recommended low-risk guidelines. In this study, we visualized the geographic variation of licensed premises alcohol expenditures in Toronto and examined the effects of area-level socioeconomic characteristics, alcohol availability and built environment influences on alcohol expenditures at the Dissemination Area (DA) level.
METHODS
Dissemination Area average total household expenditures on alcohol from licensed premises, from the 2010 Survey of Household Spending, was the main outcome variable. Moran's I and Local Moran's I were used to quantify geographic variation and determine hot spots and cold spots of expenditure. We used DA-level socioeconomic characteristics from the 2006 Census of Canada, and the density of licensed premises and other built environment characteristics from the 2008 DMTI Spatial and 2010 CanMap datasets to predict alcohol expenditures in multivariate spatial regression models.
RESULTS
The results indicated that the most significant area-level predictors of alcohol expenditure were the percentage of individuals in management or finance occupations and the percentage with postsecondary education (one-unit increases associated with 78.6% and 35.0% increases in expenditures respectively). Presence of subway lines in the immediate and neighbouring areas was also significant (one-unit increases resulted in 5% and 28% increases respectively). Alcohol outlet density was also positively associated with alcohol expenditures.
CONCLUSION
The associations identified between licensed premises alcohol expenditures and small-area-level characteristics highlight the potential importance of small-area-level factors in understanding alcohol use. Understanding the small-area-level characteristics of expenditures and geographic variation of alcohol expenditures may provide avenues for alcohol use reduction initiatives and policies.
简介
许多加拿大人继续饮酒过量，超过了低风险指南的建议。在这项研究中，我们可视化了多伦多持牌场所的酒精支出的地理差异，并研究了区域社会经济特征、酒精供应和建成环境对传播区域（DA）水平的酒精支出的影响。
方法
传播区域平均家庭从持牌场所购买酒精的总支出，来自 2010 年家庭支出调查，是主要的结果变量。Moran's I 和局部 Moran's I 用于量化地理变化，确定支出的热点和冷点。我们使用了 2006 年加拿大人口普查的 DA 级社会经济特征，以及 2008 年 DMTI 空间和 2010 年 CanMap 数据集的持牌场所密度和其他建成环境特征，来预测多元空间回归模型中的酒精支出。
结果
结果表明，对酒精支出最显著的区域水平预测因素是从事管理或金融职业的个人比例和接受过高等教育的个人比例（分别增加一个单位会导致支出分别增加 78.6%和 35.0%）。附近地区地铁线路的存在也很重要（分别增加一个单位会导致支出分别增加 5%和 28%）。酒精销售点密度也与酒精支出呈正相关。
结论
持牌场所酒精支出与小区域水平特征之间的关联强调了小区域水平因素在理解酒精使用方面的潜在重要性。了解支出的小区域水平特征和酒精支出的地理变化，可能为减少酒精使用的倡议和政策提供途径。
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