黑人女孩中父母支持与身体活动关系中来源差异的二元分析及通过自我效能感的中介分析
A Dyadic Analysis on Source Discrepancy and a Mediation Analysis via Self-Efficacy in the Parental Support and Physical Activity Relationship among Black Girls.
作者信息
Wang Yan, Hager Erin R, Magder Laurence S, Arbaiza Raquel, Wilkes Samantha, Black Maureen M
机构信息
1 Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
2 Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
出版信息
Child Obes. 2019 Feb/Mar;15(2):123-130. doi: 10.1089/chi.2018.0123. Epub 2019 Jan 17.
BACKGROUND
Physical activity (PA) declines in adolescence among black girls. This study assesses how moderate/vigorous physical activity (MVPA) relates to caregiver- vs. adolescent-reported parental support and whether the relationship is mediated by self-efficacy.
METHODS
MVPA was assessed through accelerometry. Parental support and encouragement on adolescents' PA were reported by caregivers and adolescents with a 10-item Social Support and Exercise Survey. Adolescent-reported self-efficacy related to PA was assessed with an 8-item scale. Structural equation modeling assessed source variation (caregiver vs. adolescent report) in the relationship between parental support and MVPA and mediation through adolescent self-efficacy.
RESULTS
The sample includes black adolescent girls (n = 272), with mean age of 11.6 years (standard deviation = 0.7), and average MVPA/day of 40.6 minutes. Caregiver/adolescent agreement on parental support was low (weighted Kappa <0.20). There was significant source variation in the parental support-MVPA relationship (Wald χ = 4.18, df = 1, p = 0.041); adolescent-reported support was related to MVPA (b = 0.40, standard error = 0.14, p = 0.003) and mediated through self-efficacy (95% bootstrapped confidence interval: 0.05-0.29). Caregiver-reported support or BMI z-score was not related to MVPA.
CONCLUSIONS
The association between MVPA and adolescent-reported parental support among black adolescent girls is explained by positive self-efficacy. Findings suggest that effective adolescent/caregiver communication around parental support on PA relates to high adolescent self-efficacy and supports objectively measured PA. Additional research is merited to examine longitudinal patterns. Furthermore, although 51.5% of girls in the sample were overweight or obese, the lack of association between MVPA and body composition minimizes its implication for mitigating obesity among overweight/obese black adolescent girls.
背景
黑人女孩在青春期的身体活动（PA）会减少。本研究评估了中度/剧烈身体活动（MVPA）与照顾者报告的和青少年报告的父母支持之间的关系，以及这种关系是否由自我效能感介导。
方法
通过加速度计评估MVPA。照顾者和青少年通过一项10项的社会支持与运动调查来报告父母对青少年PA的支持和鼓励。用一个8项量表评估青少年报告的与PA相关的自我效能感。结构方程模型评估了父母支持与MVPA之间关系的来源差异（照顾者报告与青少年报告）以及通过青少年自我效能感的中介作用。
结果
样本包括黑人青少年女孩（n = 272），平均年龄为11.6岁（标准差 = 0.7），平均每日MVPA为40.6分钟。照顾者/青少年在父母支持方面的一致性较低（加权Kappa<0.20）。父母支持与MVPA的关系存在显著的来源差异（Wald χ = 4.18，自由度 = 1，p = 0.041）；青少年报告的支持与MVPA相关（b = 0.40，标准误 = 0.14，p = 0.003），并通过自我效能感介导（95%自抽样置信区间：0.05 - 0.29）。照顾者报告的支持或BMI z评分与MVPA无关。
结论
黑人青少年女孩中MVPA与青少年报告的父母支持之间的关联可由积极的自我效能感来解释。研究结果表明，围绕父母对PA的支持进行有效的青少年/照顾者沟通与较高的青少年自我效能感相关，并支持客观测量的PA。值得进行更多研究以考察纵向模式。此外，尽管样本中51.5%的女孩超重或肥胖，但MVPA与身体成分之间缺乏关联，这使得其对减轻超重/肥胖黑人青少年女孩肥胖问题的影响最小化。
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