Wang Yan, Hager Erin R, Magder Laurence S, Arbaiza Raquel, Wilkes Samantha, Black Maureen M
1 Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
2 Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
Child Obes. 2019 Feb/Mar;15(2):123-130. doi: 10.1089/chi.2018.0123. Epub 2019 Jan 17.
Physical activity (PA) declines in adolescence among black girls. This study assesses how moderate/vigorous physical activity (MVPA) relates to caregiver- vs. adolescent-reported parental support and whether the relationship is mediated by self-efficacy.
MVPA was assessed through accelerometry. Parental support and encouragement on adolescents' PA were reported by caregivers and adolescents with a 10-item Social Support and Exercise Survey. Adolescent-reported self-efficacy related to PA was assessed with an 8-item scale. Structural equation modeling assessed source variation (caregiver vs. adolescent report) in the relationship between parental support and MVPA and mediation through adolescent self-efficacy.
The sample includes black adolescent girls (n = 272), with mean age of 11.6 years (standard deviation = 0.7), and average MVPA/day of 40.6 minutes. Caregiver/adolescent agreement on parental support was low (weighted Kappa <0.20). There was significant source variation in the parental support-MVPA relationship (Wald χ = 4.18, df = 1, p = 0.041); adolescent-reported support was related to MVPA (b = 0.40, standard error = 0.14, p = 0.003) and mediated through self-efficacy (95% bootstrapped confidence interval: 0.05-0.29). Caregiver-reported support or BMI z-score was not related to MVPA.
The association between MVPA and adolescent-reported parental support among black adolescent girls is explained by positive self-efficacy. Findings suggest that effective adolescent/caregiver communication around parental support on PA relates to high adolescent self-efficacy and supports objectively measured PA. Additional research is merited to examine longitudinal patterns. Furthermore, although 51.5% of girls in the sample were overweight or obese, the lack of association between MVPA and body composition minimizes its implication for mitigating obesity among overweight/obese black adolescent girls.
黑人女孩在青春期的身体活动（PA）会减少。本研究评估了中度/剧烈身体活动（MVPA）与照顾者报告的和青少年报告的父母支持之间的关系，以及这种关系是否由自我效能感介导。
通过加速度计评估MVPA。照顾者和青少年通过一项10项的社会支持与运动调查来报告父母对青少年PA的支持和鼓励。用一个8项量表评估青少年报告的与PA相关的自我效能感。结构方程模型评估了父母支持与MVPA之间关系的来源差异（照顾者报告与青少年报告）以及通过青少年自我效能感的中介作用。
样本包括黑人青少年女孩（n = 272），平均年龄为11.6岁（标准差 = 0.7），平均每日MVPA为40.6分钟。照顾者/青少年在父母支持方面的一致性较低（加权Kappa<0.20）。父母支持与MVPA的关系存在显著的来源差异（Wald χ = 4.18，自由度 = 1，p = 0.041）；青少年报告的支持与MVPA相关（b = 0.40，标准误 = 0.14，p = 0.003），并通过自我效能感介导（95%自抽样置信区间：0.05 - 0.29）。照顾者报告的支持或BMI z评分与MVPA无关。
黑人青少年女孩中MVPA与青少年报告的父母支持之间的关联可由积极的自我效能感来解释。研究结果表明，围绕父母对PA的支持进行有效的青少年/照顾者沟通与较高的青少年自我效能感相关，并支持客观测量的PA。值得进行更多研究以考察纵向模式。此外，尽管样本中51.5%的女孩超重或肥胖，但MVPA与身体成分之间缺乏关联，这使得其对减轻超重/肥胖黑人青少年女孩肥胖问题的影响最小化。
