Kokhan V S, Shakhbazian E V, Markova N A
Institute of Biomedical Problems RAS, Moscow, Russia.
Institute of Biomedical Problems RAS, Moscow, Russia.
Behav Brain Res. 2019 Apr 19;362:311-318. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.01.024. Epub 2019 Jan 15.
Human spaceflight launch is the big challenge that the humanity work on. The astronauts' task performance vulnerability to ionizing radiations is one of the major factors limiting deep space missions. In this work, we study the effect of ionizing radiations (γ-quanta and C in combination) on cognitive abilities and psycho-emotional status of Wistar rats. Irradiation led to the hyperlocomotion, increase of anxiety-like behavior, suppression of depressive-like behavior and enhancement of spatial learning. These data are consistent with the neurochemical/molecular analysis: enhanced monoaminergic innervation within the hypothalamus (HYP), inhibition of serotonin turnover in the prefrontal cortex and neurokenin 1 receptor overexpression in the amygdala (AMY). In addition, we observe decreased expression of certain biomolecules in the AMY (5-HT and 5-HT) and in the HYP (5-HT, 5-HT and VMAT2) that can be explained as neuroadaptive changes. Thus, the ionizing radiation exposure significantly modulates the psycho-emotional status. With that, for the first time we received data that radiation effects in the doses and composition of interplanetary space (in terrestrial modeling) could be relatively safe for cognitive functions.
载人航天发射是人类面临的重大挑战。宇航员的任务表现易受电离辐射影响，这是限制深空任务的主要因素之一。在这项工作中，我们研究了电离辐射（γ量子和碳离子联合）对Wistar大鼠认知能力和心理情绪状态的影响。辐射导致大鼠活动增多、焦虑样行为增加、抑郁样行为受到抑制以及空间学习能力增强。这些数据与神经化学/分子分析结果一致：下丘脑内单胺能神经支配增强、前额叶皮质中5-羟色胺代谢受到抑制以及杏仁核中神经激肽1受体过度表达。此外，我们观察到杏仁核（5-羟色胺和5-羟色胺）和下丘脑中（5-羟色胺、5-羟色胺和囊泡单胺转运体2）某些生物分子的表达下降，这可以解释为神经适应性变化。因此，电离辐射暴露显著调节心理情绪状态。与此同时，我们首次获得的数据表明，在行星际空间的剂量和成分下（在地面模拟中）的辐射效应可能对认知功能相对安全。
