Taubitz I S, Brandis H
Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Immunologie der Universität Bonn.
Zentralbl Bakteriol Mikrobiol Hyg A. 1988 Nov;270(1-2):83-97. doi: 10.1016/s0176-6724(88)80144-5.
Seven methods of serotyping of Haemophilus influenzae were evaluated. Comparing slide agglutination, staphylococcal coagglutination, latex agglutination, counterimmunoelectrophoresis, immunofluorescence, capsular swelling, and cultivation on antiserum agar the commercial coagglutination test was most reliable, most rapid, and easiest to perform. To identify all six serotypes this coagglutination test had to be combined with slide agglutination. With most methods best results were achieved by using cultures incubated at 37 degrees C for 6 h. As nonencapsulated strains often agglutinated unspecifically, selection of probably typeable strains was useful. Differentiation with help of colonial morphology and opalescent growth was facilitated by cultivation on Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) Chocolate Agar and testing of growth factor requirements on translucent BHI Agar with strips containing the growth factors V, X, and VX, respectively. In broth turbid growth was a hint for encapsulation. Nigrosin staining, a negative capsule staining, proved to be useful if specific antisera are not available. From 252 clinical isolates of H. influenzae 216 were not typeable. 36 strains could be serotyped. 27 (75%) belonged to serotype b, 6 (16.6%) were serotype e, 3 (8.3%) were serotype f. Serotype e and f were most difficult to identify. Spectrum of patients and diseases were corresponding to the findings of other authors. Less well-known infections like cellulitis (erysipelas of the cheeks) and arthritis were observed, too. Rapid identification of at least H. influenzae type b could render treatment in some cases more effective by early application of a suitable antibiotic.
对流感嗜血杆菌的七种血清分型方法进行了评估。比较玻片凝集试验、葡萄球菌协同凝集试验、乳胶凝集试验、对流免疫电泳、免疫荧光法、荚膜肿胀试验以及在抗血清琼脂上培养，商业协同凝集试验最为可靠、快速且操作简便。为鉴定所有六种血清型，该协同凝集试验必须与玻片凝集试验相结合。大多数方法在使用37℃孵育6小时的培养物时能取得最佳结果。由于非荚膜菌株常出现非特异性凝集，选择可能可分型的菌株很有用。在脑心浸液（BHI）巧克力琼脂上培养，并分别在含生长因子V、X和VX的半透明BHI琼脂条上测试生长因子需求，有助于借助菌落形态和乳光生长进行鉴别。在肉汤中出现浑浊生长提示有荚膜形成。如果没有特异性抗血清，负性荚膜染色的黑色素染色证明是有用的。从252株流感嗜血杆菌临床分离株中，216株无法分型。36株可进行血清分型。27株（75%）属于b型血清型，6株（16.6%）为e型血清型，3株（8.3%）为f型血清型。e型和f型血清型最难鉴定。患者和疾病谱与其他作者的研究结果一致。还观察到了一些不太常见的感染，如蜂窝织炎（面颊部丹毒）和关节炎。快速鉴定至少b型流感嗜血杆菌，在某些情况下通过早期应用合适的抗生素可使治疗更有效。
