在一家三级门诊就诊的成年糖尿病患者中的视力损害情况。
Visual impairment amongst adult diabetics attending a tertiary outpatient clinic.
作者信息
Lartey Seth Y, Aikins Amos K
机构信息
College of Health Sciences School of Medical Sciences. Eye Ear Nose and Throat Department, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Eye Clinic. Kumasi, Ghana.
出版信息
Ghana Med J. 2018 Jun;52(2):84-87. doi: 10.4314/gmj.v52i2.4.
BACKGROUND
To determine the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy maculopathy and cataract amongst diabetics and the prevalence of visual impairment amongst diabetics attending the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital eye unit. There are no current data in the study area on the prevalence of visual impairment and blindness amongst diabetics. This data is required in planning for screening and prevention of blindness due to diabetics.
METHODS
This was a hospital based cross sectional study. Subjects were diabetic patients attending the diabetic clinic. Simple random sampling was used. Demographic was taken. Visual acuity and refraction was done. Slit lamp examination was used to identify cataract. Maculopathy and retinopathy was determined using a 90D Volk lens and an indirect ophthalmoscope.
RESULTS
Non -insulin dependent diabetics constituted 97.1% whilst 2.9% were insulin dependent diabetics. The prevalence of the outcomes measures was: Cataract (23.7%) mild and moderate retinopathy (13.7%) severe proliferative retinopathy (1.8%) maculopathy (6.8%). Prevalence of low vision and blindness was 18.4%. Amongst diabetics 59.1% had no previous eye evaluation. Impaired vision due to cataract was 24.0 % representing a 40% decline in a decade.
CONCLUSION
The prevalence of visual impairment was high at 18.4%. The reduction in impaired vision due to cataract over a decade is suggestive of either an improved cataract surgical rate or improved diabetic care or both. Majority of the diabetic patients 59.1% had not received prior ocular evaluation. There is an urgent need to have a screening program in this area.
FUNDING
None.
背景
确定糖尿病患者中糖尿病视网膜病变、黄斑病变和白内障的患病率，以及在Komfo Anokye教学医院眼科就诊的糖尿病患者中视力损害的患病率。目前研究区域内尚无关于糖尿病患者视力损害和失明患病率的数据。规划糖尿病致盲的筛查和预防工作需要此类数据。
方法
这是一项基于医院的横断面研究。研究对象为在糖尿病门诊就诊的糖尿病患者。采用简单随机抽样。记录人口统计学信息。进行视力和验光检查。使用裂隙灯检查来识别白内障。使用90D Volk透镜和间接检眼镜确定黄斑病变和视网膜病变。
结果
非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病患者占97.1%，而胰岛素依赖型糖尿病患者占2.9%。各项结果指标的患病率为：白内障（23.7%）、轻度和中度视网膜病变（13.7%）、重度增殖性视网膜病变（1.8%）、黄斑病变（6.8%）。低视力和失明的患病率为18.4%。在糖尿病患者中，59.1%既往未进行过眼部评估。因白内障导致的视力损害为24.0%，这表明在十年间下降了40%。
结论
视力损害的患病率高达18.4%。十年间因白内障导致的视力损害减少，这表明白内障手术率提高、糖尿病护理改善或两者兼而有之。大多数糖尿病患者（59.1%）此前未接受过眼部评估。该地区迫切需要开展筛查项目。
资金来源
无。
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