The risk of Helicobacter pylori infection for adverse pregnancy outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE

To estimate the current evidence regarding the association between Helicobacter pylori infection during pregnancy and adverse pregnancy outcomes.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A systematic literature search for relevant publications was conducted using PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of science databases through November 17th, 2018. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were selected as the effect size. Subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were performed.

RESULTS

Thirty-one studies with a total of 22 845 participants were identified. There was significant association of H pylori infection with preeclampsia (OR: 2.51; 95% CI: 1.88-3.34; P < 0.001), fetal growth restriction (OR: 2.28; 95% CI: 1.21-4.32; P = 0.01), gestational diabetes mellitus (OR: 2.03; 95% CI: 1.56-2.64; P < 0.001), spontaneous abortion (OR: 1.50; 95% CI: 1.05-2.14; P = 0.024), and birth defect (OR: 1.63; 95% CI: 1.05-2.54; P = 0.03). Sensitivity analysis showed the significant association between H pylori infection and low birthweight (OR: 1.59; 95% CI: 1.05-2.40; P = 0.03).

CONCLUSION

The present meta-analysis offers proof to support that H pylori infection during pregnancy can increase the risk on adverse pregnancy outcomes. Screening and treating for H pylori infection before pregnancy should be taken into account.