a Conseil Scientifique du Collège National des Généralistes Enseignants (CNGE) , Paris , France.
b Département de Médecine Générale, Faculté de Médecine, Sorbonne Paris Cité , Université Paris Descartes , Paris , France.
Eur J Gen Pract. 2019 Jan;25(1):49-54. doi: 10.1080/13814788.2018.1561849. Epub 2019 Jan 23.
In this opinion paper, the authors argue that the extension of mandatory immunization of infants up to two years of age from three diseases (diphtheria, tetanus, poliomyelitis) to 11 diseases, introduced in France in January 2018, is not a sustainable response to the challenge of controlling vaccine-preventable diseases. In France in 2017, infant immunization coverage (IC) rates were sufficiently high or increasing (hepatitis B), except for measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) and meningococcus C disease. Even if vaccination obligation makes it possible to achieve the MMR IC objectives among infants, communication programmes and supported advice from GPs are essential for the catch-up of susceptible adults to obtain herd immunity. The impact of mandatory immunization on hesitancy remains uncertain, and it contradicts the evolution of the patient's role in the governance of his own health and the principle of autonomy. Numerous studies have shown that interventions and advice from health professionals improve vaccine acceptance. To correct the poor implementation of some vaccination programmes by health professionals, strong communication and resources from health authorities are needed, rather than a retreat towards obligation. Reducing missed opportunities and increasing access to immunization are essential objectives. Finally, an immunization policy based on primary care and a patient-centred approach to each vaccination are more likely to reduce vaccine hesitancy, sustainably.
在这篇观点文章中,作者认为,2018 年 1 月在法国推出的将婴儿强制性免疫接种从三种疾病(白喉、破伤风、脊髓灰质炎)扩展到 11 种疾病的措施,并不能可持续应对控制疫苗可预防疾病的挑战。2017 年,法国婴儿免疫接种覆盖率(IC)率足够高或正在增加(乙型肝炎),但麻疹、腮腺炎和风疹(MMR)和脑膜炎球菌 C 疾病除外。即使接种义务可以使婴儿达到 MMR IC 目标,但对于易感染的成年人来说,获得群体免疫,需要依靠 GP 进行的疫苗接种宣传计划和支持性建议。强制性免疫对犹豫的影响仍不确定,而且这也违背了患者在自身健康治理中的角色演变和自主权原则。许多研究表明,卫生专业人员的干预和建议可以提高疫苗接种率。为了纠正卫生专业人员在某些疫苗接种计划实施方面的不足,需要卫生当局进行强有力的沟通并提供资源,而不是倒退到强制接种。减少错过的机会和增加免疫接种机会是至关重要的目标。最后,基于初级保健的免疫接种政策和以患者为中心的每次接种方法更有可能减少疫苗犹豫,从而实现可持续性。