Jeong Jiwoon, Kim Jung Hun, Shim Jung Hee, Hwang Nathaniel S, Heo Chan Yeong
1Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 152-742 Republic of Korea.
4School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-742 Republic of Korea.
Biomater Res. 2019 Jan 14;23:4. doi: 10.1186/s40824-018-0149-3. eCollection 2019.
Bone regeneration involves various complex biological processes. Many experiments have been performed using biomaterials in vivo and in vitro to promote and understand bone regeneration. Among the many biomaterials, calcium phosphates which exist in the natural bone have been conducted a number of studies because of its bone regenerative property. It can be directly contributed to bone regeneration process or assist in the use of other biomaterials. Therefore, it is widely used in many applications and has been continuously studied.
Calcium phosphate has been widely used in bone regeneration applications because it shows osteoconductive and in some cases osteoinductive features. The release of calcium and phosphorus ions regulates the activation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts to facilitate bone regeneration. The control of surface properties and porosity of calcium phosphate affects cell/protein adhesion and growth and regulates bone mineral formation. Properties affecting bioactivity vary depending on the types of calcium phosphates such as HAP, TCP and can be utilized in various applications because of differences in ion release, solubility, stability, and mechanical strength. In order to make use of these properties, different calcium phosphates have been used together or mixed with other materials to complement their disadvantages and to highlight their advantages. Calcium phosphate has been utilized to improve bone regeneration in ways such as increasing osteoconductivity for bone ingrowth, enhancing osteoinductivity for bone mineralization with ion release control, and encapsulating drugs or growth factors.
Calcium phosphate has been used for bone regeneration in various forms such as coating, cement and scaffold based on its unique bioactive properties and bone regeneration effectiveness. Additionally, several studies have been actively carried out to improve the efficacy of calcium phosphate in combination with various healing agents. By summarizing the properties of calcium phosphate and its research direction, we hope that calcium phosphate can contribute to the clinical treatment approach for bone defect and disease.
骨再生涉及各种复杂的生物学过程。已经进行了许多体内和体外使用生物材料的实验，以促进和理解骨再生。在众多生物材料中，天然骨中存在的磷酸钙因其骨再生特性而受到了大量研究。它可以直接促进骨再生过程，或协助其他生物材料的使用。因此，它在许多应用中被广泛使用，并一直在不断研究。
磷酸钙已被广泛应用于骨再生领域，因为它具有骨传导性，在某些情况下还具有骨诱导性。钙和磷离子的释放调节成骨细胞和破骨细胞的活化，以促进骨再生。磷酸钙表面性质和孔隙率的控制会影响细胞/蛋白质的粘附和生长，并调节骨矿物质的形成。影响生物活性的特性因磷酸钙的类型（如羟基磷灰石、磷酸三钙）而异，由于离子释放、溶解度、稳定性和机械强度的差异，可用于各种应用。为了利用这些特性，不同的磷酸钙已被一起使用或与其他材料混合，以弥补其缺点并突出其优点。磷酸钙已被用于改善骨再生，例如增加骨向内生长的骨传导性、通过控制离子释放增强骨矿化的骨诱导性，以及封装药物或生长因子。
基于其独特的生物活性特性和骨再生效果，磷酸钙已以涂层、骨水泥和支架等多种形式用于骨再生。此外，已经积极开展了多项研究，以提高磷酸钙与各种愈合剂联合使用的疗效。通过总结磷酸钙的特性及其研究方向，我们希望磷酸钙能够为骨缺损和疾病的临床治疗方法做出贡献。
