Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Summerland Research and Development Centre, Summerland, BC, Canada V0H1Z0.
Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Centre for Plant Health, Sidney Laboratory, Sidney, BC, Canada V8L1H3.
Plant Dis. 2017 Dec;101(12):2088-2097. doi: 10.1094/PDIS-04-17-0497-RE. Epub 2017 Sep 15.
Grapevine leafroll disease (GLD) is a complex associated with one or more virus species belonging to the family Closteroviridae. The majority of viruses in this complex are vectored by one or more species of mealybugs (Pseudococcidae) and/or scale insects (Coccidae). Grape-growing regions of British Columbia (BC), including Okanagan, Similkameen, and Fraser valleys and Kamloops (BC central interior), Vancouver, and Gulf islands, were surveyed during the 2014 and 2015 growing seasons for the presence of four major grapevine leafroll-associated viruses, including Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 1 (GLRaV-1), GLRaV-2, GLRaV-3, and GLRaV-4. In total, 3,056 composite five-vine samples were collected from 153 Vitis vinifera and three interspecific hybrid vineyard blocks. The results showed GLRaV-3 to be the most widespread, occurring in 16.7% of the composite samples, followed by GLRaV-4 (3.9%), GLRaV-1 (3.8%), and GLRaV-2 (3.0%). Mixed infections of two or more GLRaVs were found in 4.1% of the total samples. The relative incidence of GLRaVs differed among regions and vineyard blocks of a different age. Characterization of partial CO1 region from a total of 241 insect specimens revealed the presence of Pseudococcus maritimus, Parthenolecanium corni, and other Pulvinaria sp. in BC vineyards. Spatial patterns of GLRaV-3 infected grapevines in three vineyard blocks from three different regions in the Okanagan Valley showed variable degrees of increase in disease spread ranging from 0 to 19.4% over three growing seasons. Regional differences in the relative incidence and spread of GLD underline the need for region-based management programs for BC vineyards.
葡萄卷叶病（GLD）是一种与一个或多个属于杆状病毒科的病毒种类相关的复合病。该复合病中的大多数病毒由一种或多种粉蚧（粉蚧科）和/或介壳虫（介壳虫科）传播。在 2014 年和 2015 年的生长季节，对不列颠哥伦比亚省（BC）的葡萄种植区，包括奥肯那根、西米卡米恩和弗雷泽山谷以及 kamloops（BC 内陆中部）、温哥华和海湾群岛，进行了调查，以确定是否存在四种主要的与葡萄卷叶病相关的病毒，包括葡萄卷叶相关病毒 1（GLRaV-1）、GLRaV-2、GLRaV-3 和 GLRaV-4。总共从 153 个 Vitis vinifera 和三个种间杂种葡萄园块中采集了 3056 个复合五株样本。结果表明，GLRaV-3 的分布最广，在 16.7%的复合样本中出现，其次是 GLRaV-4（3.9%）、GLRaV-1（3.8%）和 GLRaV-2（3.0%）。在总样本中发现有两种或两种以上 GLRaVs 的混合感染占 4.1%。不同地区和不同年龄葡萄园块中 GLRaVs 的相对发病率不同。对来自不列颠哥伦比亚省葡萄园的总共 241 只昆虫标本的部分 CO1 区域的特征分析表明，存在 P. maritimus、Parthenolecanium corni 和其他 Pulvinaria sp。在奥肯那根谷三个不同地区的三个葡萄园块中，GLRaV-3 感染的葡萄藤的空间模式显示，在三个生长季节中，疾病传播的程度从 0 到 19.4%不等。不列颠哥伦比亚省葡萄园 GLD 的相对发病率和传播的区域差异强调了基于区域的管理计划的必要性。
