Vu Minh, McFadden-Smith Wendy, Poojari Sudarsana
Cool Climate Oenology and Viticulture Institute, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada.
Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Lincoln, ON L0R 2E0, Canada.
Biology (Basel). 2023 Sep 25;12(10):1279. doi: 10.3390/biology12101279.
This study investigated the transmission of grapevine viruses, specifically grapevine red blotch virus (GRBV) and grapevine Pinot gris virus (GPGV), in vineyards in Niagara Region, Ontario, Canada. Forty sentinel vines that were confirmed free of GRBV and GPGV by both high-throughput sequencing (HTS) and endpoint polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were introduced to two vineyards (one organic and one conventional) that were heavily infected with both GRBV and GPGV. Four months post-introduction, the sentinel vines were relocated to a phytotron. The HTS results from 15 months post-introduction revealed a widespread infection of GPGV among the sentinel vines but did not detect any GRBV. The GPGV infection rate of sentinel vines in the organic vineyard (13/18) was higher than in the conventional vineyard (1/19). The possibility of an alternative viral reservoir was assessed by testing the most abundant plants in between rows (, , and ), perennial plants in border areas (, , ) and wild grape (unknown sp.). The HTS result showed that cover crops and perennial plants did not harbor any grapevine viruses, while 4/5 wild grapes tested positive for GPGV but not GRBV. A pairwise sequence identity analysis revealed high similarities between the GPGV isolates found in the established vines on the vineyard and the newly contracted GPGV isolates in the sentinel vines, implicating a recent transmission event. This work provides novel insights into the spread of grapevine viruses in Niagara Region and is also the first direct proof of the spread of GPGV in natural vineyard conditions in North America.
本研究调查了加拿大安大略省尼亚加拉地区葡萄园中的葡萄病毒传播情况，特别是葡萄红环斑病毒（GRBV）和灰比诺葡萄病毒（GPGV）。通过高通量测序（HTS）和终点聚合酶链反应（PCR）确认不含GRBV和GPGV的40株哨兵葡萄被引入到两个葡萄园（一个有机葡萄园和一个传统葡萄园），这两个葡萄园均被GRBV和GPGV严重感染。引入四个月后，将哨兵葡萄转移到人工气候室。引入15个月后的HTS结果显示，哨兵葡萄中GPGV广泛感染，但未检测到任何GRBV。有机葡萄园中的哨兵葡萄GPGV感染率（13/18）高于传统葡萄园（1/19）。通过检测行间最常见的植物（、、和）、边缘地区的多年生植物（、、）和野生葡萄（未知种）来评估是否存在其他病毒宿主。HTS结果表明，覆盖作物和多年生植物未携带任何葡萄病毒，而5株野生葡萄中有4株GPGV检测呈阳性，但GRBV检测呈阴性。成对序列同一性分析显示，葡萄园已定植葡萄中发现的GPGV分离株与哨兵葡萄中新感染的GPGV分离株之间具有高度相似性，这意味着近期发生了传播事件。这项工作为尼亚加拉地区葡萄病毒的传播提供了新的见解，也是GPGV在北美自然葡萄园条件下传播的首个直接证据。
