内耳及相关组织中表观遗传修饰的研究方法。
Approaches for the study of epigenetic modifications in the inner ear and related tissues.
机构信息
Departments of Neurobiology and Anatomical Sciences, and of Otolaryngology and Communicative Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA.
Departments of Pharmacology and Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62711, USA.
出版信息
Hear Res. 2019 May;376:69-85. doi: 10.1016/j.heares.2019.01.007. Epub 2019 Jan 12.
DNA methylation and histone modifications such as methylation, acetylation, and phosphorylation, are two types of epigenetic modifications that alter gene expression. These additions to DNA regulatory elements or to the tails of histones can be inherited or can also occur de novo. Since epigenetic modifications can have significant effects on various processes at both the cellular and organismal level, there has been a rapid increase in research on this topic throughout all fields of biology in recent years. However, epigenetic research is relativity new for the inner ear field, likely due to the limited number of cells present and their quiescent nature. Here, we provide an overview of methods used to detect DNA methylation and histone modifications with a focus on those that have been validated for use with limited cell numbers and a discussion of the strengths and limitations for each. We also provide examples for how these methods have been used to investigate the epigenetic landscape in the inner ear and related tissues.
DNA 甲基化和组蛋白修饰（如甲基化、乙酰化和磷酸化）是两种类型的表观遗传修饰，可改变基因表达。这些 DNA 调控元件或组蛋白尾部的添加可以遗传，也可以从头发生。由于表观遗传修饰可以对细胞和机体水平的各种过程产生重大影响，近年来，生物学各个领域对该主题的研究迅速增加。然而，对于内耳领域来说，表观遗传学研究相对较新，可能是因为内耳细胞数量有限且处于静止状态。在这里，我们提供了用于检测 DNA 甲基化和组蛋白修饰的方法概述，重点介绍了那些已经过验证可用于有限细胞数量的方法，并讨论了每种方法的优缺点。我们还提供了这些方法如何用于研究内耳和相关组织中的表观遗传景观的示例。
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