Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
Conservation Biology Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, USA.
Science. 2019 Jan 25;363(6425). doi: 10.1126/science.aav1004.
Growing scientific awareness, strong regulations, and effective management have begun to fulfill the promise of recovery in the ocean. However, many efforts toward ocean recovery remain unsuccessful, in part because marine ecosystems and the human societies that depend upon them are constantly changing. Furthermore, recovery efforts are embedded in marine social-ecological systems where large-scale dynamics can inhibit recovery. We argue that the ways forward are to (i) rethink an inclusive definition of recovery that embraces a diversity of stakeholder perspectives about acceptable recovery goals and ecosystem outcomes; (ii) encourage research that enables anticipation of feasible recovery states and identifies pathways toward resilient ecosystems; and (iii) adopt policies that are sufficiently nimble to keep pace with rapid change and governance that works seamlessly from local to regional scales. Application of these principles can facilitate successful recoveries in a world where environmental conditions and social imperatives are constantly shifting.
不断增长的科学意识、强有力的法规和有效的管理措施开始兑现海洋复苏的承诺。然而，许多海洋恢复努力仍未成功，部分原因是海洋生态系统和依赖于它们的人类社会在不断变化。此外，恢复努力嵌入在海洋社会-生态系统中，其中大规模的动态变化可能会抑制恢复。我们认为，前进的道路是：（i）重新思考包容性的恢复定义，其中包括利益相关者对可接受的恢复目标和生态系统结果的多样性观点；（ii）鼓励研究，使人们能够预测可行的恢复状态，并确定通往有弹性的生态系统的途径；（iii）采取足够灵活的政策，以跟上快速变化的步伐，以及从地方到区域各级无缝运作的治理。这些原则的应用可以促进在环境条件和社会需求不断变化的世界中成功的恢复。
